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THE ART OF MAKING KNIVES
Under the art of making knives, many understand the craft of making knives. However, this understanding is deceptive, since knives are made not only by folk masters, but also by people who know how to process iron and other metals. Knives originally served for people as a means of survival in harsh conditions, such as a means of hunting or a means of protection. Knives held a special place in the lives of our ancestors. Today, the art of making knives occupies a special place among folk arts and crafts. In the manufacture of knives among the masters there is no equal to Uzbek masters. During the reign of the Temurids, great attention was paid to the art of making knives. At this time, knives were made mainly of copper and bronze. After the discovery of iron, the art of making knives was a revolution and received a new round of development. The development of the art of making knives in contrast to the Arab countries and European countries like Spain, Italy and others in Central Asia was much earlier. There is a legend that "Damascus steel" was invented by Central Asian masters, and spread it in Damascus, where it got its name. In XVI century the fabrication knives in many countries Europe, as Germany, England, Austria, France other were banned, knives were used exclusively in household conditions, i.e. on kitchen. XVIII century there were such varieties of knives as "Pakki" (pakki-means small knives, that is, knives of small sizes, even such knives are called as women's or pocket). Then there were folding pocket folding knives "finki" (Finka - means folding knives that open with a slight movement of the hand). From archaeological finds can be to know, that on territory Central Asia 2000 years ago until our era on territory afrasiaba, varakhshi and Bolalik Tepa, can be to know, that knives were used not only as subject household use, but and as subject weapons. This is evidenced by the found drawings. In the VI-XII centuries, the art of making knives developed rapidly, and there was a question of decorating knives as a symbol of power and power. In XV-XVIII Centuries there were types of hanging knives on a belt. This can be seen in the miniatures made on the basis of the works of the great poets of the East Navai and Babur. Later appeared in the East of the school for the manufacture of knives. There were schools of Fergana valley, Bukhara, Samarkand, Khiva, Kashkadarya. The knives made in these schools were distinguished by their beauty, method and style of decoration, technique and technology, as well as size and size, place of use and purpose. Today in the Republic of Uzbekistan there are about 20 centers of production of knives. They differ in the way of manufacture, decoration and material. Known as knives, Chust (TUS), Shahrikhon, Postovskii, Kokand and Krasovskii knives. Types of knives.In the East, in particular Central Asia, knives had a symbolic meaning, that is, they were used as an amulet against evil spirits. This 193 belief has remained since the time of Zoroastrianism. For example, "dandon snot pichok" - a knife with a serrated handle and "karkesonli pichok" - a knife with a serrated blade, such knives were considered sacred and highly valued. Knives have been used by people since ancient times, it was considered as a tool of labor, hunting and a symbol of prosperity. Initially, knives were made of stone, copper and bronze. The knife consists of a blade and a handle. According to the structure of the knives, they are divided into three types: a straight knife, an almond-shaped knife and a curved knife. Straight knife is used from ancient times, has a straight shape. The curved knife has a bend of a knife edge back. Still, these knives are called small or short swords. Almond-shaped knives have on the reverse side of the blade an arcuate shape of 4-5 cm from the tip of the knife. URTA semli pichok knife of medium size, one of the varieties of knives. Keslik pichok – a knife made specifically for children. Such knives are issued at a wedding or a wedding. Bola pichok-children's knife. Calabazar – a knife with a curved blade, put in the knife handle. Mardona pichok-a special knife used for embroidery. Sodda pichok-ordinary household knife. Guldor pichok-knife with applied patterns, both on the blade and on the handle. Chilmihgulli pichok-knives in which the handle is attached forty nails, that is, "chilmeh" means "forty nails", here with the help of small nails drawn pattern on the handle of the knife, hence the name of the knife. Rafta pichok – edge knife tochitsya with only one hand, this turning is called "Sidera" (kadirga means ) Yogoch snot pichok knife with a wooden handle. Shohdasta pichok - knives handles, which are made of tree branches, mainly mulberry, walnut, guzhum (guzhum - one of the species Of Central Asian oaks). Dandon snot pichok-handle knives, which are made of ivory. UN Uch snot pichok - knives handles, which consist of thirteen sapphires, that is, of sapphire stones, such knives were considered as a symbol of power. (UN Uch-thirteen). Download 1.92 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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