O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti viloyat to’xsanova

JEWELRY ART 
Among the folk - applied arts of the Uzbek people, jewelry occupies a 
special place. There is a saying in the people "If there is only one woman left in 
the world, then the jeweler's business will never remain unclaimed". In the 
Muslim world, products made and embellished with turquoise, pearls, sapphire 
have always been highly valued. Because these precious stones not only served 
as an ornament, but they also had a healing power, they influenced the 
psychological and spiritual state of a person. For example, pearls have the 
property of strengthening the human body, it eliminates an unpleasant smell in 
the mouth, stabilizes the heartbeat, improves the stomach and liver, improves 
vision, clears kidney stones and spleen, and much more. Turquoise warns 
against adversity and the evil eye, treats gastric deficiency and improves vision, 

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treats eye inflammation, snake bite is considered the best medicine. Therefore, 
in ancient times, daughters-in-law always wore turquoise jewelry. Sapphire, 
both in the East and in Europe, was highly valued. It was used to make various 
jewelry such as earrings, necklaces, rings, buttons and much more. In the middle 
ages, lovers gave Sapphire to their chosen ones. The man wearing the turquoise 
ornament was protected from evil spirits and rashes. Turquoise promoted 
concentration of attention of the person, lifted mood. Of chalcedony in the past 
created rings, beads and necklaces, brosley and more. Chalcedony relieves 
stress, has a calming effect. 
Uzbek jewelry art has deep roots. It was formed in primitive society. 
According to archaeological excavations we can say that jewelry was one of the 
oldest forms of art. From the first century BC to the Viiiivek ad in the 
settlement of Ayritom, Afrasiab, Dalvarzintepa, Bolaliktepa, Holchaen jewelry 
art was highly developed. This can be seen from the objects and drawings found 
in the excavations.
In the last period of the Neolithic (IV-III Millennium BC) appeared amulets 
in the form of bells, jewelry made of various stones, shells, as well as jewelry 
made from the bones of various animals. This once again proves the 
development of jewelry in those days. In the IV-V centuries ad jewelry was used 
very little. Mainly made of stones, glass and various impurities. For example, 
found in Khorezm glass figurines amulet in the form of a frog and a tiger. 
X-Xvv. buttons with large holes in the bones were used. XIV-Xvvv. 
jewelry was well developed, but the products have not survived to our time. In 
made on breast jewelry XVI century, preserved, only in drawings. In products 
XIV-XVIII Centuries patterns and drawings have become more complicated.
If the jewelry of the XIII-XIV centuries depicted mainly images of 
animals, then there were compositions from Arabic script and script, often 
quotes and surahs from the "Koran". Such drawings on the one hand were 
decoration, and on the other hand had some meaning. After the Mongol invaders 
conquered Central Asia, gold coins were issued. Gold jewelry was made of gold, 
bronze and other precious metals.
XIX-XX centuries. Central Asian countries, artistic handicraft developed 
rapidly, including jewelry. In many cities like Bukhara, Kokand, Khiva, 
Samarkand, Karshi, Shahrisabz, Tashkent and many other cities there were 
master jewelers, they lived and worked in separate mahallas. In the markets of 
these cities there were special jewelry shops, and each master had his own 
technique. Therefore, the mahals were called "Zargaron" or "Zargar", which 
means the street of jewelers. In 1860 there were 12 jewelry shops in Khiva, by 
the beginning of the twentieth century there were about 400 in Bukhara, about 
100 in Tashkent, more than 20 in Samarkand. In those days, the most famous 
masters of jewelry were Usto Mahmud, Usto Omonkhozhi, M. Rakhimov, H. 
nazhmiddinov in Kokand, Usto Niez Ohun in Namangan, Usto Khudoibergan, 
H. Otaboev in Andijan, S. Bobozhonov, Ohun bobozhonov, Usto Samigiddin, 
A. Shoislomov in Tashkent, H. Yuldoshev, I. Komilboev, V. Hafizov in 

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Samarkand and many others. Today, in the Republic and its cities such as 
Andijan, Bukhara, Fergana, Samarkand,Haresm and other cities there are many 
jewelers who work with different materials. Modern masters use not only new 
technologies, they have preserved centuries-old traditions of handicraft. They 
produce products according to modern technologies, ethics and aesthetics of 
modern times, while maintaining the national flavor and traditions formed over 
many centuries.