Phraseology and Culture in English

participle, 
259 
particle, 258, 259, 267 
modality, 243, 257–259, 261, 262, 
268, 484 
cluster 
(see cluster)
deontic, 257, 265 
epistemic, 257, 262, 263, 265 
marker 
(see marker) 
moderation (cf. self-limitation), 59, 
66, 69–71, 220 
modification, 380, 385, 391 
post-, 386, 393 
modifier (cf. premodifier), 30, 152, 
191
adjective, 151, 155, 156, 159 
noun, 
161 
pre-, 
(see premodifier) 
verbal, 151, 155, 156, 159 
modifying, 12, 29, 151, 156, 159, 
387, 443 
morpheme, 56, 332, 492 
morphological, 11, 14, 98, 275, 278, 
387, 453, 456, 461 
morphology, 9, 12, 31, 252, 280 
morpho-syntactic, 24, 56, 363, 377, 
456
mother tongue, 26, 138, 196 
interference, 
399 
multi-morphemic, 17 
multiword, 26, 277, 278, 281, 283, 
285, 289, 291, 293, 294, 297 
blend, 
278 
expression, 3, 9, 17, 235, 382 
formation, 286, 293, 299 
name, 
280 
unit, 27, 252, 259, 267, 276, 277, 
279, 281–283, 309, 375, 380, 385, 
386, 395, 400, 413, 418, 473, 485, 
489
native, 11, 21, 23, 25–28, 208, 209, 
239, 267, 291, 309, 359, 366, 375, 
400, 418, 423, 450, 454, 455, 475, 
479, 485, 491 
non-, 25, 26, 138, 139, 491 
native-like, 14, 21, 23, 451, 473, 484, 
485, 491 
native-speaker competence (see
competence) 
nativisation, 449 
natural, 32, 56, 129, 258, 259, 450, 
451
Natural Semantic Metalanguage 
(NSM), 49, 54–57, 69, 70, 75, 
76, 79, 88, 89, 476, 480 
naturalness, 439, 449–450 
network, 5, 303, 410–413, 480 
conceptual, 408, 411, 412, 426 
metaphoric, 409, 412, 413 
of kinship relations, 402, 404 
semantic, 
109 
social, 367
New England/er, 205, 213, 214, 218, 
223–225, 228, 482, 483 
New Englishes (cf. World English), 
399, 439, 442, 443, 450 
New Zealand English, 354, 448, 
454, 489 
Nigerian English, 414 
node (word), 137, 140, 143, 155, 166, 
306, 309, 310, 316 
non-compositional (cf. composition-
al), 262, 264, 268, 413, 441, 461 
non-count noun (cf. count noun), 165, 
383, 387 

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Index
507
norm, 7, 56, 79, 308, 356, 361–363, 
368–370, 401, 450, 476, 487 
linguistic, 364, 370 
local, 353, 361- 363, 365, 369, 
370, 450 
social, 7, 109, 208, 213, 228 
noun anticipation, 385 
noun substitution, 385 
occult, 400, 405–407, 423 
Ocracoke English, 368 
onset, 364, 365, 368, 370 
opening, 329, 330, 334, 335, 356, 
360, 362 
oral formulaic, 15, 16 
genre 
(see formulaic genres) 
oral tradition, 6, 194, 195, 199, 251, 
482
paraphrase, 70, 81, 245, 246, 248, 
451, 452 
euphemistic, 
242 
paremiology, 181, 208, 221, 481 
performance, 6, 7, 16, 18, 196, 198, 
439, 471, 472, 474, 489, 490 
performing, 7, 22, 327, 354, 393 
personal models (see mental models) 
perspectivisation, 377, 394 
persuasive, 111, 112, 116, 118, 120, 
121, 124, 128–130, 266 
phrasal, 129, 212, 473 
expression, 4, 18, 26, 28 
unit, 9, 20, 30, 442 
verb, 27, 388–390, 394 
phraseological, 10, 23, 26, 109, 110, 
129, 207, 258, 310, 439, 440, 442, 
471, 473 
phraseology, 3, 10, 26, 32, 49, 127, 
181, 236, 237, 241, 242, 251, 303, 
437, 440, 488 
pidgin, 375, 376 
New South Wales, 376 
English, 
415 
pidginisation, 376, 377 
de-pidginisation, 
376 
play on words (see word play) 
politeness, 110, 257, 261, 263, 266, 
268, 332, 335, 338, 345, 484 
marker 
(see marker) 
routine 
(see routine) 
polysemous, 87, 88, 143, 144, 152
polysemy, 102, 148, 241, 248, 450, 
477
post-colonial English, 365, 399 
pragmatic, 24, 66, 74, 242, 247, 248, 
310, 353, 367, 370, 477, 491 
context, 
362 
evaluation 
(see evaluation)
force, 
484 
function, 6, 19, 24, 258, 310, 356, 
357
usage, 
356 
predicative
form, 
153 
use, 144, 150, 153, 155, 158, 164, 
480
prefab/prefabricated expression, 12, 
13, 20, 25, 26, 120, 310, 478, 491 
prefix, 283–285, 388 
premodification, 116 
premodifier, 115, 116, 128 
premodifying, 112, 116 
preposition, 27, 382, 384, 385, 387, 
389, 393 
prepositional, 247, 384, 387
productive, 12, 13, 32, 246, 252, 288, 
474, 491 
semi-, 9, 11, 27 
productivity, 252, 286, 388 
proficiency, 25, 26, 471, 473, 479, 
484
proverb, 140, 181–199, 205–211, 
213, 214, 218–225, 228, 480–483, 
485

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508
 Index 
anti-proverb, 197, 210, 211 
collection, 182–184, 186, 189–
191, 193–195, 206, 213, 214, 218, 
223, 481 
compilation, 183,190–192, 194, 
200
dictionary, 181, 187, 188, 191, 
192, 194, 198, 199, 482 
gendered, 181, 196, 199, 482 
liberated, 
197 
vernacular, 
182 
proverbial, 187, 188, 190–195, 199, 
210–214, 218, 223, 238, 239, 248 
phrase, 188–190, 192 
proximity, 260, 425 
pun (cf. word play), 241, 245 
qualitative, 140, 153, 275, 303, 318 
quantitative, 303, 318, 363, 365 
referencing
image-based, 
379 
schema-based, 
379 
regionalism 
grammatical, 439, 440 
lexical, 
440 
register, 120, 250, 452, 485, 486 
relexification, 241, 246 
representation, 56, 207, 306, 308, 
313, 316, 318, 332, 333, 378, 418, 
424
linguistic, 303, 307, 308, 310 
mental, 139, 142 
metaphorical, 
306 
textual, 
307 
restricted language, 324 
rhetoric/al, 181, 191, 194, 237, 248–
251, 483, 484 
Romansch, 327 
routine (cf. formula/e), 129, 130, 307, 
308, 310, 324, 326, 330, 331, 333, 
336, 345, 346, 354, 471, 485 
conversational, 13, 19, 88, 102, 
110, 235, 324, 325, 327, 329, 
331–333, 441, 486 
cultural, 
308 
formulaic, 353, 354 
greeting, 353, 354, 356 
linguistic, 
319 
performance, 
7 
phrase, 323–327, 329, 336, 341, 
345
politeness, 257, 484 
selling, 
15 
speech, 7, 16, 472 
routinization, 323, 341 
Russian, 137, 140, 141, 150–166, 479 
Russian Corpus of Tübingen Univer-
sity, 151, 152 
Sapir, Edward, 235, 481, 488 
saying (cf. proverb), 140, 181–189, 
193–195, 198, 199, 481, 482, 485 
schema, 8, 306, 308, 309, 377–380, 
393, 488 
cognitive, 303, 308, 310, 319 
conceptual, 307, 308, 489 
cultural, 308, 378, 379, 392 
culturally shared, 307 
image, 
142 
kinship, 415, 416 
semantic, 303, 309, 310 
shared, 309, 378, 379 
schematic, 31, 147, 411 
script, 72, 73, 309, 329, 483, 488 
cultural, 56, 61, 62, 69, 70, 72, 
236, 237, 252, 324, 475, 476, 478, 
482–484
social, 
324 
Scottish, 61, 188–192, 195 
English, 
360 
Searle, John, 7, 307, 328 

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