Pokonferencyjna

References
1.  Merriam-Webster Dictionary
2.  https://simplicable.com/new/reasoning
3.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_
reasoning
4.  http://birthstory.net/history/sir-francis-
bacon/
5.  sciensectruck.com
6.  HuanMeng “The relationship between re-
duction and deductive, inductive reason-
ing.”

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72 
MONOGRAFIA POKONFERENCYJNA
The article is devoted to acquaintance 
Goethe and Arabic literature through the 
numerous translations that were made in 
the 18th century (the Age of Enlighten-
ment) and especially in the early 19th 
century. The Development of Oriental 
Studies in Europe and intensive research 
of Oriental literature contributed to the 
formation of the concept of World Litera-
ture, which included the synthesis of 
Western and Eastern cultures and litera-
tures.
Johann Wolfang Goethe (1749-1832), 
the great German poet and thinker, was 
well acquainted with Arabic literature and 
with Persian and Turkic poetry through 
numerous translations, which were wide-
ly carried throughout Europe in the 
late 18th century and early 19th century. 
It’s well known how greatly the culture of 
the Muslim East, the Quran and Oriental 
poetry impacted on the works and world-
view of Goethe.
In Europe, especially in Germany, the 
interest in Eastern culture sparked during 
the age of Enlightenment when Goethe 
lived. The Oriental language departments 
were opened in universities and the Ori-
ental studies began to intensively develop. 
In his youth, Goethe was fond of travel 
notes from trips of famous travelers such 
as Pietro della Valle, Chardin, Tavernier, 
and others who journeyed to the Arab 
East. In the beginning of 1770, during his 
studies at the University of Strasbourg, he 
befriended Johann Gerder (1744-1809), 
the famous orientalist and philosopher, 
who became involved with Eastern cul-
ture by looking at its best examples.
He read the Holy Quran and the Aves-
ta, the holy book of the ancient Persians, 
as well as the ancient Arabic poetry 
and   poetry of Hafiz Shirazi and Saadi 
Shirazi, the great Persian poets. Further-
more, Goethe was well acquainted and 
talked to Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, 
Wilhelm George Gersbach, Johann Lud-
wig Kosegarten, Heinrich Paulus, Josef 
von Hammer and Silverster de Sassi, well 
known European scientists and oriental-
ists. These orientalists showed Goethe the 
wonderful world of the Arabic poetry of 
the East, which was revealed through 
the   Moallakat, the best Qasidas of an-
cient Bedouin poets such as Antara, Taraf, 
Zuhair, Imrul-kays, etc. And remarkably, 
in the world of Arabic poetry he was 
charmed by verses of Thabit Ibn Jabir Ibn 
Sufyan, the poet-thief known by nick-
name “TaabbataSharran”, i.e. “the one 
who wore evil under his armpit” (means a 
sword).
This proud poet was expelled from his 
tribe for disobedience. He roamed the 
desert all alone, and was distinguished by 
courage and nobility, but he would occa-
sionally attack and rob. Goethe praised 
his independent free spirit and translated 
his most famous Qasida rhymed with 
“Lam” (“Lamia”), where he described the