Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs: a cross-linguistic study
PART ‘This has nothing to do with that’ (
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- 2.3.2. HEARING
PART ‘This has nothing to do with that’ ( IS ) B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 64 Meaning English Basque Spanish Intellection group ‘to understand’ √ √ √ ‘to foresee’ √ √ √ ‘to imagine’, ‘to visualise’ √ √ √ ‘to consider’, ‘to regard’, ‘to judge’ √ √ √ ‘to revise’, ‘to study’ √ √ √ Social group ‘to meet’ √ √ √ ‘to visit’ √ √ √ ‘to receive’ √ √ √ ‘to go out with’ √ √ √ ‘to get on badly’ √ √ √ Assurance group ‘to ascertain’, ‘to find out’ √ √ √ ‘to make sure’ √ √ √ ‘to take care’ √ √ √ ‘to witness’ √ √ √ ‘to refer to’ √ √ √ ‘to escort’ √ ‘to bring’, ‘to last’ √ ‘to suffer’ √ ‘to be involved’ √ Table 2.4: Extended meanings in vision in English, Basque and Spanish. 2.3.2. HEARING Hearing is said to be the sense of linguistic communication and in fact in all the meanings, both concrete and abstract, it seems to be so. There are always two elements involved in this sense: the hearer and the speaker. The latter could be a person or an object, known or unknown, but the fact is that it is always present. The verbs analysed in this sense are hear and listen in English, entzun and aditu in Basque, and oír and escuchar in Spanish. B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 65 One of the extended meanings found cross-linguistically is ‘to heed, to pay attention’ 56 , as in (63), (64) and (65). (63) Listen to what I’m telling you (64) Entzun esaten ari natzaizuna hear say. HAB be.busy AUX ‘Listen to what I’m telling you’ (65) Escucha lo que te estoy diciendo listen. IMP it. ACC that you. DAT am saying ‘Listen to what I’m telling you’ In these three examples the person that utters the sentence is demanding attention from the hearer. A further development of this meaning is that in some contexts the speaker does not only demand attention, but also that the hearer does what he is telling him to do. In these cases hearing verbs come to mean ‘to obey’ 57 as illustrated in (66), (67) and (68). (66) I told you to listen to your mother (67) Seme batak ez eukan entzunik son one. ERG NEG had listen. Download 1.39 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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