Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs: a cross-linguistic study
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PhD-Thesis-99
4.3. conclusions
In this chapter, I have revised a cognitive semantic approach to the study of polysemy and semantic change: Sweetser’s MIND - AS - BODY metaphor. This author claims that the paths of semantic change are unidirectional, from a concrete domain to an abstract domain. In the case of English perception verbs, the mappings take place between the vocabulary of physical perception and the vocabulary of the internal self and sensations. These mappings, which appear to be cross-linguistic, are not random, but well structured by means of metaphor. Based on the data analysed in Chapter 2, I have concluded that as suggested by Sweetser, the mappings between these two different domains of experience are not particular to English, but to other languages such as Basque and Spanish. It is also argued that the metaphorical scope of sense perception verbs is much larger than that proposed by Sweetser. In fact, meanings do not only extend to more abstract domains, but also within the physical domain. It has been pointed out that under this theory, such physical extended meanings cannot be accounted for. Another shortcoming of this approach is the fact that it does not give an explanation for the reasons why a particular source domain is mapped onto a particular target domain. This model does not show exactly what ‘used’ part of the source domain is mapped onto the target domain. These points are further discussed in Chapter 6, where a process called ‘Property Selection’ is introduced as a possible way of solving these problems. Finally, the last point not addressed in this theory is the analysis of the semantics of the other elements in the sentence and their impact in the overall meaning. That is to say, the question whether the different senses of a lexical item are the result of the different senses of a polysemous verb through the interaction between the semantics of the verb and its arguments; or whether it is the choice of a particular argument what really determines different meanings. B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 129 As a possible solution for this last point, I have applied Pustejovsky’s Generative Lexicon to the analysis of some examples drawn from the data analysed in Chapter 2. I have concluded that this model works very neatly for those physical extensions of meaning, but in the case of metaphorical senses, it does not seem to be able to constrain what instances are felicitous and what are not. The discussion of this issue and a possible solution are presented in Chapter 7. The objective of this thesis is to propose a hypothesis that can account for the reasons why and the way in which the polysemy in perception verbs occurs. The framework that I will propose in the following chapters is based on the advantages that both Sweetser – and Cognitive Linguistics – and Pustejovsky’s frameworks have. The advantages of Sweetser’s approach are the use of metaphor as the structuring cognitive device for abstract extended meanings, the theoretical tenet of embodiment, i.e. the fact that the bodily basis of these senses motivates these semantic extensions. The advantage in Pustejovsky’s model is the idea that meaning is generatively compositional 113 , i.e. the interpretation of the verb is influenced by the semantics of its arguments. The main contribution to the study of polysemy in this thesis will be to fill in the gaps left unanswered by both models. The gaps in Sweetser’s model are the lack of explanation for physical extended meanings; the lack of a description for the bodily basis of perception verbs, and consequently, the impossibility to show how this bodily basis constrains both the creation of extended meanings, and the devices that structure them, i.e. metaphor. The gap in Pustejovsky’s model is the lack of a constraint that could establish what elements can or cannot co-occur with what elements in the same sentence. In the following chapter, I will start with the description of the bodily basis of perception verbs. As pointed out in this discussion, this description is central to the study of polysemy, because it will provide the tools necessary to constrain not only the devices 113 I would like to point out that one does not need to comply with a generative view of language, as Pustejovsky does, in order to accept a degree of compositionality in meaning (see Langacker’s work on cognitive grammar and the notions of ‘constructional schema’ (1991b: 15-19). What I see as an advantage of this model is the way in which Pustejovsky shows how some meanings are obtained by means of the semantic content of the words that integrate the sentence, not Pustejovsky’s generative framework. B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 130 used to create extended meanings (Chapter 6), but also what elements can take part in the creation of such meanings (Chapter 7). B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 131 Download 1.39 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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