SIFATDOSHLARNING ISHLATILISHI
1. The Present Participle (writing - yozayotgan): Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi aynan hozir davom
etayotgan ish-harakat, holatlarni ifodalaydi. Who, which (kimki, qaysiki) bog’lovchilari bilan bog’langan
ergashgan qo’shma gaplarni soda gapga aylantirishda hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi ishlatiladi:
The boy is my brother. He is sitting in the garden. Ana u bola mening ukam. U bog’da o’tiribdi.
The boy who is sitting in the garden is my brother. Bog’da o’tirgan bola mening ukamdir.
The boy sitting in the garden is my brother. Bog’da o’tirgan bola mening ukamdir.
2. The Present Participle (writing - yozayotgan): Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi while (paytida), when
(qachon) bog’lovchilari bilan ishlatilib Payt holi bo’lib keladi:
While reading the newspaper I tore it. Gazetani o’qiyotganimda uni yirtib qo’ydim.
When going home I met her. Uyga borayotganimda uni uchratdim.
3. (The Present Participle): Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi gapda sabab holi ham bo’lib keladi. Ularni
sabab ergash gaplar bilan almashtirish mumkin.
Knowing English well, I can translate English texts without a dictionary. = As I know English well, I can
translate English texts without a dictionary. Ingliz tilini yaxshi bilganligim sababli matnlarni lug’atsiz
tarjima qila olaman.
4. (Perfect Participle Active) Tugallangan zamon sifatdoshi gapda sabab holi bo’lib keladi va
kesimda ifodalangan ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi: Having lived in London
for many years he knew English very well. = As he had lived in London for many years he knew English
very well. Ko’p yillar Londonda yashaganligi sababli u inglizchani yaxshi bilardi.
5. Gapda to’ldiruvchi vazifasida kelgan otdan keyin majhullikni ifodalovchi sifatdosh keladi: I’m
eating the cakes which were cooked by my mother = I’m eating the cakes cooked by my mother. Men
onam tomonidan pishirilgan piroglarni yeyapman. I am reading the letter written by my friend (the
letter which was written).
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