Detached constructions (DC) are such constructions which are formed by singling out secondary parts of the sentence. This isolation is achieved with the help of stress, commas or dash. In oral speech it is achieved with the help of intonation. From the grammatical point of view these secondary parts areclosely connected with the primary parts of the sentence. Thus here appears the clash between the structural and semantic aspects of DC. As Prof. I. R. Galperin puts it "detached constructions bridge the norms of written and spoken language". DCs stand close to inversion and ellipsis: He did not answer, and sickly white, she jumped up. Here are some illustrations: For an instant she apprehended him there, -pale, awkward. - Strong; Nightmares troubled him, waking and sleeping; they awe us, these strange stars, so cold, so dear.
Different parts of the sentence may be detached. For example:
1)An attribute may be detached from its head noun: Val sought the misty freedom of Green Street, reckless and depressed. The coffee came — hot and good — and a whole ring of cake.
2. An adverbial modifier can also be detached: Subconsciously, he knew that he looked better than in anordinary overcoat; I might almost claim to have been one myself, once long ago.
Academician V. V. Vinogradov says that DCs are peculiar meaningful syntactical wholes inside the sentence which are isolated owing to intonation. As inversion DS breaks the ordinary word order 'in the English sentence and in this way isolates the secondary parts of the sentences. This isolated part becomes stylistically significant because any isolated word or phrase becomes more generalized and may include any shade of meaning of the described object.
Writers like to use DCs as they say that such violation helps to bring independence to words and word combinations: She admired her husband, strong, brave and victorious.
DC as an SD is a typification of the peculiarities of syntactical constructions of oral form of speech. The SF of this construction is to bring emphasis to the idea expressed in the detached part and thus, to make the image and description brighter and more emotional.
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