Стилистика тилшуносликнинг ажралмас қисми бўлиб, у бадиий нутқнинг ифодаланиш услублари, уларнинг таъсирчанлиги ва умуман инсон нутқини ўрганадиган фандир

Exercises:
I. Questions for discussion:
I. What is chiasmus? Explain its compositional design. 2. What transformations do reversed parallel constructions undergo in the written form of speech? 3. What part of the utterance becomes more significant in chiasmus? 4. What are the structural types of chiasmus? 5. Speak about lexical-chiasmus. 6. What is the essence of syntactical chiasmus? 7. What are the stylistic functions of chiasmus?"


Repetitionas an SD is a typified generalization of essential features of the language means that express emotive, excited state of mind: She shrieked loudly: "Where is my baby! But-where is my baby! I want to know where is my baby? The repetitionof: these phrases "Where is my baby?”is not an SD here. It is only a means by which the excited state of mind is shown.
The excited speech is always broken, fragmentary illogical and that’s why the repetition of some words, word combinations, and parts of the sentence is quite natural. When repetition becomes an SD it brings logical emphasis to a certain part of the utterance in order lo attract the reader's attention. In this case the key words of the utterance become reiterated; then site stumbled over some unevenness of the threshold and fell down, and she seemed so tiny,so minute, so fragile, so miraculously whole and lovely, against the formidable background, of the immense ruin.
Like other SDs repetition has several structural types:
1. The repeated word or phrase stands at the beginning of each, sentence, clause or phrase. This repetition is called anaphora. Here is the use of anaphorical repetition in the following nursery rhyme:
For want of a nailthe shoe was lost.
For want of a shoe, the horse was lost.
For want of a horse, the rider was lost,
For want of the rider, the battle was lost.
2. Repetition of a final word or word group is called epiphora: When I go into a bank I get rattled. The clerks rattle me. The wickets rattle me, the sight of money rattlesme, and everything rattles me. In these cases repetition has the function of creating the background against which the preceding statements become more prominent.
3. Frame repetition: when the beginning of a syntactical unit, or a paragraph is repeated al the end. E.g.: He couldn't spy on her. If she wanted to keep things from him — she must; he couldn't spy on her. This structural type of repetition is sometimes called ring repetition; it is expressive in poetry and in singling out a paragraph in prose:
Our hands have met, but not our hearts;
Our hands will never meet again.
Friends, if we have ever been
Friends we cannot now remain:
I only know I loved you once,
I only know I loved in vain.
Our hands have met, but not our hearts;
Our hands will never meet again...
4. Another model of repetition is linking repetition or anadiplosis. The last word or phrase of an utterance is repeated at the beginningof the next part; Anadiplosis serves to stress the most important part of the utterance: To Jan it was as though a curtain had been raised in her mind — a curtain from which she recoiled in horror.
5. There are cases when the linking device is repeated several times in one utterance. This compositional form of repetition is called chain repetition: But two minutes later the sun vanished behind flying cloudycontinents, a relative darkness descended on the summer afternoon, and rain too descended — descended in such soaking overwhelming quantities that ...
6. The next type of repetition is root repetition: The child smiled the smile and laughed the laughter of contentment ...; in the usual order of things he should have lost consciousness at this point, but that mercy was denied him, and he was forced to endure the unendurable. In these examples not the same word but the same root is repeated.
7. Synonym repetition consists in the reiteration of the same notion by means of various synonyms: The poetry of earth is never dead; the poetry of earth is ceasing never.
A horrible despair, and at the same time a sense of release, liberation came over Hermoone; She fondly seized the yelling, wet child, and hugged it and soothed it and comforted it in her encircling beautiful arms.