Стилистика тилшуносликнинг ажралмас қисми бўлиб, у бадиий нутқнинг ифодаланиш услублари, уларнинг таъсирчанлиги ва умуман инсон нутқини ўрганадиган фандир

Exercises:
I. Questions for discussion:
1. What is enumeration as an SD? 2. What are the types of enumeration based on semantic principal? 3. Explain the essence of homogeneousenumeration. 4. Illustrate the essence of such enumeration. 5. What parts of speech usually constitute enumeration?6. What is the stylisticfunction of enumeration? 7. Speak about theuse of enumeration in different functional styles.
II. State the linguistic nature of the following enumeration:
1. I. She had a guide-book, which seemed to her to lack the atmosphere of the actual decor, and even that did not cover every lower, fountain, church, column and palace visible across the piazza ... 2. Then the lumpy, silent, little girl, who was there blinking, beside her mother, pulled at the blonde fringe of her hair and said in Italian ... 3. Within a few weeks, throughout Italy and beyond, it was decidedly understood, thoroughly suggested, hinted and memorized, that private, inaccessible to all possible survey ... Annabel Christopher, the new star who played the passionate English governess, let rip. 4. There is a pleasurable spread on thecounters which I perceive and exploit with a certain detachment, since it suits with my condition of life. Creams, toothpastes, combs, and hankies, cotton gloves, flimsy flowering scarves, writing-paper, and crayons, ice-creams, cones and oranges, screwdrivers, boxes of tacks, tins of paint, of glue, of marmalade. 5. She had written it by hand, sealed it, carried it to the post office, and had bought one postage stamp which she licked, placed on the envelope, and thumped firm: she had then borne the letter to the letter-box and dropped it in with a plop. 6. He did indeed look like a young Italian lawyer, lean, dark, shiny-haired, keen-eyed.
2. 1. Менуйланадиганқизҳусндаҳам, ақлдахам, билимдаҳам, рўзғоришидаҳамяккаюягонабўлишикерак ...! (Р.Қ) 2.Бундайтуйғун,бундайбоадабқизеттииқлимдаҳамтопилмайди.(О.) 3. Бебахтнинг ошига пашша ҳам, кана ҳам, сўна ҳам, қолаверса, шалоплаб олиб мана шунақа азроил ҳам, мункарнакир ҳам тушаверади. (Ҳ.Ҳ) 4. Сойларда тун, саҳроларда тун, Далаларда, водийларда тун, Япроқларда тун ётиб ухлар, Сойликларда тун қотиб ухлар. (Ҳ.О) 5. Хирмонларда ҳам, уйларда ҳам, кўчаларда ҳам, булоқ бошида ҳам, сой бўйида ҳам шу воқеа тўғрисидагапирар эдилар.
Gradationas an SD is a structural unit which is based on the gradual intensification of logical meaning and emphatic expression.
The human heart has hidden treasures,
In secret kept, in silence sealed, —
The thoughts, the hopes, the dreams, the pleasures
Whose charms were broken if revealed.
Each word of this structural unit coming one after the other (the thoughts, the hopes, the dreams, the pleasures) is understood to be more convincing in the revealing the author's idea. We cannot say we have an objective linguistic criterion to estimate the degree of the importance or significance of these units. It is only the analysis of synonym that helps us to feel the increase. We must distinguish three ways of increasing the significance: logical, emotional and quantitative.
Logical gradation is based on the use of a successive unit which is stronger than the preceding one from the point of view of its meaning: "Threaten him, imprison him, torture him, kill him, you will not induce him to betray his country". The word "kill" is the strongest in meaning among all these contextual synonyms. The same may be seen in the following example: "I have been other things as well", the policeman said. «Thief, pimp, blackmailer, not to mention murderer”.
Emotional gradation is based on the relative emotional tension produced by words of emotional meaning:» Your son is very ill — seriously ill — desperately ill". The emotional meaning is prevailing in the word "desperately". Compare the dictionary meaning of these words. "Seriously" implies "possible danger" whereas "desperately" implies "extremely serious or dangerous consequence" (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English). The same we see in the following sentence: "He was in love, and if in love then not jus! a little in love, bul terribly, desperately, needfully in love".
Quantitative gradation presupposes the use of hyperbole or numerals: Farmer's wives who had strength, endurance and energy of locomotives and the appetites of dinosaurs...
The main syntactical pattern of gradation consists of a clause or sentence based on lexical repetition._;
The SF of this SD is to show the associate importance of things in the utterance, lo show the significance of the things described and to show the dynamic development of the same process.