Supported by: Government of Indonesia (GoI) and Islamic Development Bank (idb)

Activity 
Learning style 
Singing a song.
auditory 
Looking at a diagram/time-line on the whiteboard
visual 
Doing a board race.
kinesthetic 
Reading grammatical explanations in a book.
Reflective, individual 
Doing a role play.
impulsive 
Discovering grammatical rules by working in a team.
group 
Listening to a lecture.
auditory 
Understanding that learners are individuals with different styles of learning is only the first step. More 
important, from a practical and professional point of view, is what to do about it. To better accommodate 
and exploit the different preferred learning styles among students, teacher should:
1. Use a variety of activities 
When planning lessons, consider many different activity types. Plan activities that suit the 
variety of learning styles: 
 
Activities in which students move around. 
 
Activities in which students work alone. 
 
Activities that involve group work. 
 
Activities that involve listening and speaking. 
 
Activities that involve reading and drawing/writing. 
 
Activities that involve reflective study. 
If you vary the types of activity, you will not only accommodate different learning preferences, 
you will also avoid teaching boring lessons. 

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2. Use a variety of materials 
When selecting or designing materials, think of the learners, their different styles and the senses 
they prefer to use. Different materials may appeal to different senses: 
 
Visual (pictures, charts, written texts, power point, …) 
 
Auditory (tapes and CDs, songs, spoken texts…) 
 
Kinesthetic (matching tasks and cut-ups, running dictation, board slap …) 
 
Individual (individual exercises) 
 
Group learner (discussion and group work) 
Many textbooks include a variety of materials. However, traditional teaching materials tend to 
appeal, especially, to visual learners. Teachers should try to produce or adapt as many materials as 
possible for those students who prefer to process information in auditory or kinesthetic style.