Task – ‘Open-source’ task. Theory – 10 point task – a ‘Open-source’ task. Find/identify main postulates of given great thinker/scholar [from Martin Griffiths

relevant illustration of events / case in IR.Начало формы
Начало формы

Aristoteles
Aristotle's main postulates on the theory of place and space in political geography and International Relations (IR) and geopolitics can be summarized as follows:

1. 
   The location of a physical object determines its properties and function: Aristotle believed that the location of an object or a place plays a crucial role in determining its properties and function.
   
2. 
   The natural environment and human activity shape a place: Aristotle believed that the natural environment and human activities play a significant role in shaping a place, both physically and socially.
   
3. 
   Geography has a significant impact on the formation and development of states and their relations with one another: Aristotle believed that geography has a profound impact on the formation and development of states, their resources, and their relationships with one another.
   

Illustrations of Aristotelian thought in IR include:

1. 
   The impact of geography on the foreign policies of landlocked states: Landlocked states may face difficulties in accessing the sea and international markets, which can influence their foreign policies and relationships with their neighbors.
   
2. 
   The significance of geographical proximity in shaping relationships between states: The geographical proximity between states can shape their relationships, both positively and negatively, by facilitating communication, trade, and other forms of interaction, or by creating conflicts and tensions.
   
3. 
   The role of resources in shaping a state's foreign policies: The availability of resources, such as oil, minerals, or water, can shape a state's foreign policies and its relationships with other states that possess or desire those resources.
   

montesquieu
Montesquieu was a French philosopher and political theorist who made significant contributions to the study of geography and its role in shaping politics and international relations. His main postulates on the theory of place and space in political geography and International Relations (IR) and geopolitics can be summarized as follows:

1. 
   Climate affects political and social institutions: Montesquieu believed that the climate of a region plays a significant role in shaping the political and social institutions of a society. He argued that the climate influences the way of life, economic activities, and cultural values of a society.
   
2. 
   Geographical features shape political power: Montesquieu believed that geographical features such as rivers, mountains, and seas play a crucial role in shaping political power by affecting communication and transportation. He argued that these geographical features create barriers or facilitate communication and transportation, thereby affecting the distribution of power within a state and among states.
   
3. 
   The balance of power is crucial for peace and stability: Montesquieu believed that the balance of power between states is essential for ensuring peace and stability in international relations. He argued that an imbalance of power among states leads to conflict and war, while a balance of power creates a stable international system.
   

Illustrations of Montesquieu's thought in IR include:

1. 
   The impact of climate on the political and social institutions of the Arab states: The hot and arid climate of the Arab states has been argued to have shaped their political and social institutions, such as the importance of water resources, tribalism, and Islam.
   
2. 
   The role of geographical features in shaping political power: The geographical features of Europe, such as the Alps, have been argued to have played a significant role in shaping the political power of states and empires by creating barriers to communication and transportation.
   
3. 
   The importance of balance of power in international relations: The balance of power between states has been a crucial factor in maintaining peace and stability in international relations, as seen in the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union, where the balance of power prevented direct military conflict.
   

i kant
Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher and political theorist, made important contributions to the study of geography and its role in shaping politics and international relations. His main postulates on the theory of place and space in political geography and International Relations (IR) and geopolitics can be summarized as follows:

1. 
   Geographical location affects a state's character and values: Kant believed that the geographical location of a state plays a crucial role in shaping its character and values, such as its economic, social, and political institutions. He argued that geographical factors such as climate and resources influence the development of a state's political and economic systems.
   
2. 
   The development of trade and commerce promotes peace and stability: Kant believed that the development of trade and commerce among states promotes peace and stability in international relations. He argued that economic interdependence leads to mutual benefit and reduces the likelihood of conflict between states.
   
3. 
   International laws and institutions are necessary for a stable and peaceful international order: Kant believed that the development of international laws and institutions is essential for ensuring a stable and peaceful international order. He argued that such laws and institutions promote cooperation and mutual understanding among states and prevent conflict.
   

Illustrations of Kant's thought in IR include:

1. 
   The impact of geography on the character and values of states: The geographical location of a state, such as its proximity to the sea, can play a crucial role in shaping its character and values, such as its economic, social, and political institutions.
   
2. 
   The role of trade and commerce in promoting peace and stability: The development of trade and commerce among states, such as the European Union, has been argued to promote peace and stability by reducing the likelihood of conflict and promoting mutual benefit.
   
3. 
   The importance of international laws and institutions in ensuring a stable and peaceful international order: The development of international laws and institutions, such as the United Nations, has been crucial in maintaining peace and stability in international relations by promoting cooperation and mutual understanding among states and preventing conflict.
   

hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a German philosopher and political theorist, made important contributions to the study of geography and its role in shaping politics and international relations. His main postulates on the theory of place and space in political geography and International Relations (IR) and geopolitics can be summarized as follows:

1. 
   State and geography are interdependent: Hegel believed that the state and geography are interdependent, with each shaping the other. He argued that the geographical location of a state affects its political and economic systems, while the state in turn shapes its geographical environment.
   
2. 
   The state is the highest form of political organization: Hegel believed that the state is the highest form of political organization, and that it represents the ultimate expression of human reason and morality. He argued that the state is responsible for the protection of individual rights and the preservation of social order.
   
3. 
   The state is a necessary precondition for world history: Hegel believed that the state is a necessary precondition for world history, as it provides the basis for the development of culture, civilization, and humanity. He argued that the state is a necessary stage in the development of human history and that it leads to the creation of a world state, which represents the ultimate expression of human progress.
   

Illustrations of Hegel's thought in IR include:

1. 
   The interdependence of state and geography: The interdependence of state and geography can be seen in the development of states in different geographical locations, such as the states of Europe and Africa, which have different political and economic systems due to their different geographical locations.
   
2. 
   The role of the state as the highest form of political organization: The state is considered the highest form of political organization in many countries, such as Germany, where it is responsible for the protection of individual rights and the preservation of social order.
   
3. 
   The state as a necessary precondition for world history: The state is seen as a necessary precondition for world history, as it provides the basis for the development of culture, civilization, and humanity, as can be seen in the development of the Roman Empire, which was a major state in world history.