Tense degan atama bilan ifodalanadi. Macmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners lug'atida zamon, ya'ni tense

3 (ed)
bilan boshlanadigan -ing clause qoʻllanishimiz lozim.

Having finished our work, we went home. (Ishimizni tugatib, biz uyga ketdik.)

Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. (Mehmonxona topib, biz kechki
ovqat uchun biror joy qidirdik.)
Yuqoridagi qurilma majhul nisbatda having been+V
3(ed)
shaklida qoʻllaniladi.

Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home. (Qaroqchilardan
ogohlantirilgandan keyin u qimmatli buyumlarini uyda qoldirdi.)

Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.
Agar ikkita ketma-ket ish-harakat orasida juda qisqa oraliq boʻlsa, birinchi ish-harakat uchun oddiy -ing
clause qoʻllashimiz kerak.

Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. (Choʻntagidan kalitni olib, u eshikni ochdi.)
Boshqa holatlarda gap boshida kelgan -ing clause asosiy gapdagi ish-harakatning sababini bildirib keladi.

Being unemployed, he is often short of money. (Ishsiz boʻlgani tufayli u tez-tez puldan qiynalib
qoladi...sabab)

Not knowing what to do, she resigned to shoplifting. (Nima qilishni bilmasdan u doʻkonlardan
narsalarni oʻg'irlay boshladi...sabab)

Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (Charchaganimdan men uxlashga erta yotdim...sabab)
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OZIRGI VA O
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TGAN ZAMON SIFATDOSHLARINING QO
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LLANISHI
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Sifatdosh deb predmetning yoki shaxsning belgisini bildiradigan fe'l shakliga aytiladi. Masalan: the rising