THAILAND
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
101
retail payment systems, conduct their ultimate settlements in BAHTNET. The BoT recognizes that any
operational disruptions in BAHTNET could cause risks to the participants and other FMIs, leading to
increased credit and liquidity risks. Operational disruptions in TSD could be a potential source of risk
to BAHTNET since the collaterals used for ILF are deposited at the TSD. BAHTNET has developed
early warning indicators to monitor potential liquidity issues of its
participants and offers
participants real-time monitoring tools. The BoT has identified scenarios that may potentially
prevent the system from being able to provide its critical operations, and the business continuity
plan (BCP) is reviewed annually. It is recommended to further develop coordinated scenarios that
deal with the simultaneous disruption of more than one FMI.
Credit and Liquidity Risk Management (Principle 4–7)
12. While the BoT's exposure to credit risk is limited as it provides intra-day credit to
participants on a fully collateralized basis, the collateral framework could be enhanced. The
collateral management system is operated through a link with TSD, which
keeps the securities that
the BoT accepts as collateral. The assets that are accepted as collateral are subject to a daily
mark-to-market, haircuts are determined
2
by calculating value at risk at a 95 percent level of
confidence, and the haircut policy is reviewed on a yearly basis. Procyclicality is limited by the design
of the haircut methodology.
3
However, BAHTNET accepts as collateral bonds
or debt securities
issued by SOEs and SFIs, and there is currently no feature to verify that participants do not post their
own debt or equity securities as collateral. The BAHTNET doesn't have concentration
limits to avoid
concentrated holdings of certain assets where this would impair the ability to liquidate such assets
quickly without significant adverse price effects. There is a need to review several aspects of the
collateral framework, to include a rule preventing participants to pledge their own securities as
collateral, to implement concentration limits, and to have annual independent validation of the
haircut procedures. In
addition, it is recommended to explore what would happen to assets held by
BAHTNET in case of non-availability or insolvency of TSD and that BAHTNET addresses it
appropriately as part of its risk management framework.
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