The adjective. Types of adj. Degrees of comparison


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OTVET po grammatike (2)

Statal verbs - they denote the state of their subject (be, stand, know)

This criteria apply to more specific subsets of words: ex: The verbs of mental process, here we observe the verbs of mental perception and activity, sensual process (see-look)
The 2-nd categorization is based on the aspective characteristic. Too aspective subclasses of verbs should be recognized in English limitive (close,arrive) and unlimitive (behave,move). The basis of this division is the idea of a processual limit. That is some border point beyond which the process doesn’t exist.
The 3-rd categorization is based on the combining power of the verbs. The combing power of words in relation to other words in syntactically subordinate positions is called their syntactic valency. Syntactic valency may be obligatory & optional. The obligatory adjuncts are called complements and optional adjuncts are called supplements. According as verbs have or don’t have the power to take complements, the notional words should classed as complimentive (transitive and intransitive)or uncomplimentive (personal and impersonal)
Terminative – denote actions which can’t develop beyond a certain limit (to stand up, to sit down, to come, to take).
Non-terminative – have no limit (to love, to sit, to work, to walk)
Non-finite forms of verbs.
Linking verbs connect the subject and the predicative complement and shows the relationship between them(Tom is a doctor). Main linking verb is BE. Other verbs that can function as linking verbs: become, seem, appear, look, feel, grow, get.
Verbals. All verbs, except modal verbs, have four verbal forms which are called non-finite verb forms or verbals: the infinitive, present participle, past participle, and gerund. Verbals have some properties of the verb, for example, they can have perfect and passive forms and take an object. Verbals also have some properties of the other parts of speech, for example, gerund and infinitive can be used in the function of nouns; present participle and past participle can function as adjectives.
The infinitive is the base form of the verb plus the particle "to": to play, to see, to walk. Bare infinitive (i.e., infinitive without the particle "to") is used after modal verbs and after several other verbs(make, let). The infinitive has several forms: simple / active (to read), passive (to be read), continuous (to be reading), perfect (to have read), perfect continuous (to have been reading). Simple / active and passive infinitive forms are the most common. An infinitive can function as the subject, part of the predicate, object, attribute, adverbial modifier.

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