The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism
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The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism (Jason Rosenhouse) (z-lib.org)
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or T δ . As soon as you try to apply Dembski’s machinery to the flag- ellum you realize how hopeless it is to assign values to any of his variables. The space of possibilities, represented by , would presumably have to be all the possible bacterial genotypes that might have evolved in place of the one that did, but, as we have discussed, we have no idea at all what probability distribution to use for that space. We also have no relevant background knowledge that would help us define a useful rejection function, represented by f. Moreover, if we 146 5 probability theory argue that the flagellum is specified by virtue of its function, then the rejection regions, represented by T γ and T δ , would have to consist of all the possible propulsion systems that might have evolved and not just the particular flagellum that did. How on earth do you propose to define that region with the necessary precision? Therefore, the situation with regard to the specification of the flagellum is this: We started with a vague notion that the flagellum looks a bit like an outboard motor, but we worried that asserting such a thing might be tantamount to looking at a cloud and seeing a dragon. Dembski promised us a rigorous mathematical test for identifying design-suggesting patterns, and sure enough his book contains many dense, technical pages, filled with jargon and notation, purporting to do just that. But this machinery is never heard from again. When Dembski actually discusses the flagellum, he just says it is obviously specified because it looks like an outboard motor. Dembski’s framework for inferring design requires that the flagellum be both complex and specified. But we have no way of establishing complexity because we cannot carry out a relevant prob- ability calculation, and we have no way of establishing specificity because we have no background knowledge to help us distinguish the design-suggesting patterns from the ones arising from excessive imagination. This is an instance of a mathematically technical track two argument lacking a corresponding track one explanation to make it all comprehensible. Therefore, Dembski’s argument involving “complex specified information” is no improvement at all over the BAI. 5.8 greek letters and subscripts do not help Dembski published his flagellum calculation in 2002. Since the cal- culation was plainly based on fallacious assumptions, most scientists ignored it. That might have been the end of the story, but for a paper that appeared in the Journal of Theoretical Biology (JTB) in late 2020. JTB is a reputable academic journal, the sort of venue that publishes research 5.8 greek letters and subscripts do not help 147 articles for an intended audience of professional scientists. In this case, however, the journal’s editors seem to have erred by allowing a very poor paper to be published. The article’s authors, Steinar Thorvaldsen and Ola Hössjer, revived Dembski’s calculation as part of a broader argument for finding evidence of ID in biology. They write: [D]embski proposes an equation based on three independent events: A p : originating the building blocks (protein chains) of the protein complex . . . ,A : localizing the building blocks in the same place, and A c : configuring the building blocks correctly to form the complex. Then the probability of a protein complex is the multiplicative product of the probabilities of the origination of its constituent parts, the localization of those parts in one place, and the configuration of those parts into the resulting system (contact topology). This leads to the following estimate for the probability of a protein complex (PC) composed of N independent building blocks: ˆP(A PC ) = N n =1 P A (n) p | ˆθ (n) p · P A (n) | ˆθ (n) · P A (n) c | ˆθ (n) c , where θ (n) p , θ (n) , and θ (n) c are the parameters involved in forming the protein chain, the localization and the configuration of the nth building block. (Thorvaldsen and Hössjer 2020, 7) Here we have another instance of an attempted track two argument. Mathematical notation can be intimidating, and a tech- nical equation like the one in the quotation can create the illusion that something profound has been said. However, it is important to keep in mind that mathematical symbols are just abbreviations, and equations are just sentences. As we have noted, when confronted with a pile of notation, it is important to pause for a moment to ask for the track one interpretation. In this case, the equation is nothing more than a translation into symbols of Dembski’s argument from Section 5.7. In other words, you 148 5 probability theory can express the argument in plain English, as in Section 5.7, or you can first translate the English words into symbols and then express the same argument in the form of an equation. Looking at their equation, the capital Greek letter pi is a standard mathematical notation to indi- cate we are multiplying several things together. The three terms on the right hand side, each one containing a P followed by an expression in parentheses, represent the probabilities of origination, localization, and configuration put forth in the paragraph above the equation. The expression on the left hand side represents the probability of the Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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