The foreign language education concerns social and personal-oriented values. Dynamic processes in all spheres in Uzbekistan need acquiring one or two foreign languages

Conclusion

Through its conclusions, For a period of many years phraseological units are thought to be national-specific units of language that accumulate cultural potential of the nation. Both in Russian and English language there are hundreds of phraseological units. They were created by people of many generations, were developed and improved throughout many years. They store grains of national wisdom in language and contain the reflection of history and world outlook of people that created them, their traditions, mores, customs, common sense and humor, which mainly concerns their sources of origin.

Phraseological units in both Russian and English language in the majority of cases are considered to be originally English and Russian idioms, whose authors or creators are not known. As an example of such idioms is considered to be “bite off more than one can chew”- “to take by mouth more than you can swallow”, “take on a commitment one cannot fulfill” and Russian equivalent is “орешек не по зубам, дело не по плечу”, “взять в рот больше, чем можешь проглотить”; in for a penny, in for a pound - «рискнул на пенни, рискуй и на фунт»; = назвался груздем, полезай в кузов; взялся за гуж, не говори, что не дюж;

Originally English idioms are connected with the traditions, customs and beliefs of these both nations, and also with legends, historical facts. For instance, If we pass to an English idiom “A baker's dozen” – it means- чертова дюжина – in Russian (according to the old English tradition, bread sellers received from the bakers thirteen loaves instead of twelve, and thirteen was accounted as the income of sellers) The next issue that is clearly discussed in this chapter is national specificity of Russian and English people which is characterized not only by the whole extent of distinctive, specific and inherent peculiarities of these nations taken into account, but also by special scope of universal traits. One of the main sources of information about national character is believed to be a group of stereotypes, associated with particular nation.

The English are characterized by such qualities as having good manners, moderateness, peacefulness, readiness to come to the aid, primness, self-esteem, independence, practicality, whereas, western people are characterized by contradictory trait of the Russian people`s character and their ability to give up themselves to feelings or ideas. The mentality of both English and Russian people is identified and characterized differently by many researchers with distinctive differentiate features. While the English people are differentiated with the permanency of their character, Russian people have dual nature of their character being vacillating and instable²⁰.

Having analyzed and compared the link between the figurativeness of the phraseological units and mentality of both nations we stay on the content of ideology for both of them being concentrated on different notions as individualism and collectivism. Based on it, we also touch upon the term of “privacy” as indigenous English phenomenon, which is translated and defined variously by many linguists. This concept mainly conveys the vitality of being alone, keeping distance from events, having punctilious attitude towards each other`s private life which are considered to be a main part of their culture.

Rezyume


Chet tilidagi ta'lim ijtimoiy va shaxsiy yo'naltirilgan qadriyatlarga tegishli. O'zbekistonda barcha sohalardagi dinamik jarayonlar bir yoki ikkita chet tilini o'rganishni talab qiladi. Bozor iqtisodiyoti va axborot texnologiyalarining rivojlanishi sharoitida mamlakatning boyligiga iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy taraqqiyotning muhim omili bo'lgan inson resurslari yordamida erishish mumkin. Chet tilidagi ta'lim ushbu muhim vazifani hal qilishga yordam beradi. Chet tillarini bilishda biz nafaqat amaliy, balki nazariy asoslarni ham tushunishimiz kerak. Hozirgi kunda tilshunos olimlarimiz va zamonaviy ilm-fanning ko'plab sohalarida turli xil fundamental va amaliy tadqiqotlar olib borilmoqda. Va bu bizning intellektual, ilmiy va texnikaviy salohiyatimizning rivojlanishiga mos keladi, mamlakatimizning barqaror rivojlanishi uchun omil bo'lib, biz darhol dunyodagi nufuzli tadqiqot markazlari bilan ilmiy, texnologik va madaniy aloqalarni yanada kengaytirish bilan bog'liqmiz. ko'plab muhim mavzular bo'yicha tadqiqotlar. Prezidentimiz kelajak avlodimizga aytganidek: “Ilm-fanning vazifasi bizning kelajagimizni, ertangi kunga yo'nalishni, tabiat qonunlarini shakllantirish va qanday bo'lishini ko'rsatib berishdir. Ilmiy jamiyat rivojiga olib boradigan vosita va kuch bo'lishi kerak. " Shu munosabat bilan Prezidentimiz Islom Karimovning quyidagi so'zlarini eslatib o'tish o'rinlidir: “XXI asr intellektual qadriyatlar hukmronlik qiladigan asr. Aynan shuning uchun, agar har bir davlat va jamiyat ushbu haqiqatni anglamasa va yangi bilimlarni o'zlashtirish, intellektual salohiyatni oshirish zarurati, agar ushbu mezonlar kundalik hayotining maqsadi bo'lmasa, demak, bu jamiyat dunyo taraqqiyoti doirasidan chiqib ketadi. ». Ushbu dissertatsiya, talabalar uchun mo'ljallangan va o'quv muassasalaridagi maxsus qo'shimcha o'quv kurslariga bag'ishlangan bo'lib, frazeologik birliklarni lingvokulturologik o'rganishni va ularning mentaliteti va milliy xususiyatlarini aniq aks ettirishni o'z ichiga oladi. ikkala millat, rus va ingliz xalqlarining xarakteri va o'qitish jarayonida frazeologik birliklarning chuqur ma'nosini tushunishda tushunish va ushlab turish muammolarining oldini olishga qaratilgan boshqa uslubiy yo'nalish.


Dars ishining dolzarbligi shundaki, tildagi frazeologik birliklarning ishlashini to'liq anglash, uni millat mentaliteti bilan bog'lash zarur. Aql-idrok - bu ijtimoiy-madaniy, lingvistik, geografik va boshqa omillarga bog'liq bo'lgan ongning ma'lum bir chuqur tuzilishi. Frazeologik birliklar asrlar davomida tilga jamlanib, har bir davrda yana vujudga keladi, chunki ularda dunyoviy manzarani idrok etish vositasi deb hisoblanadigan va uning shakllanishida muhim rol o'ynaydigan, voqelikka baho munosabatini aks ettiruvchi til tasvirlari mavjud. . An'anaviy rus va ingliz frazeologiyalari frazeologik birliklarining paydo bo'lishi manbalari xalqning hayoti, uning tarixi va turmush tarzi, e'tiqodi va millatning rivojlanishi bilan chambarchas bog'liqdir. Til o'qituvchilari, material ishlab chiquvchilar va nazariyotchilar barchasi idiomlarni o'qitishning eng samarali usullarini izlashga harakat qilishdi. O'quvchilar, ammo; hanuzgacha idiomlarni eslab qolish va ichki qismlarga ajratishda qiyinchiliklarga duch kelmoqdalar. Tadqiqot ob'ekti - chet tilini o'qitish.

Asarni o'rganish mavzusi ingliz frazeologik birliklarida milliy mentalitetning aksidir.

Dars ishining maqsadi til va madaniyat o'rtasidagi o'zaro bog'liq masalalarni va ingliz frazeologik birliklarining semantik tuzilishini tushunish va amalga oshirishga ta'sirini va ulardan milliy va madaniy masalalarga e'tibor berishni o'rganish. Shunday qilib, ushbu ish lingvistik-madaniy jihatlarni o'rganishga va frazeologik birliklardan maqsadga muvofiq foydalanishga qaratilgan.

Ilmiy-tadqiqot quyidagi vazifalarni bajaradi: 1) til va madaniyatning o'zaro bog'liqligini o'rganish va tilshunoslikda qiyosiy ravishda yangi yondashuv sifatida qaraladigan yangi ilmiy-lingvokulturologiyaning asosini shakllantirish;

2) turli tushunchalar prizmasi orqali ingliz va rus xalqlarining milliy xususiyatlarining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari haqida bilish;

3) frazeologik birliklarning tarkibiy-semantik xususiyatlarini va ularning madaniyatni namoyon etishdagi rolini namoyish etish;

4) ingliz va rus frazeologiyalari frazeologik birliklarining universalligi va madaniy-milliy o'ziga xosliklarini aniqlash uchun tadqiqot materiallarini qiyosiy tahlil qilish.
Mavzuni o'rganish darajasi shuni ko'rsatadiki, tadqiqot ishining materiallari V.A. asarlarida bo'lgani kabi frantsuz tilshunoslarining frazeologiya va lingvokulturologiya sohasidagi nazariyalari va tushunchalariga asoslangan. Maslova, V.F. Gumboldt, N.N. Amosova, A.V. Koonin, E.V. Slepushkina, bir qator frazeologik lug'atlar, asl matnlar va turli tilshunoslarning tadqiqot ishlari. Asarning nazariy ahamiyati ingliz va rus frazeologik birliklarining madaniyati, tarixiy kelib chiqishi, semantik-stilistik va grammatik-leksik tuzilmalari haqidagi muhim va qiziqarli ma'lumotlarni uning madaniy tushunchasi, ingliz va rus tillarining milliy xususiyatlarining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari bilan birlashtirishda namoyon bo'ladi. odamlar va ularni frazeologik birliklarning chuqur ma'nolarida aks ettirish, ularni to'liq tushunishda foydali bo'lgan turli xil qiziqarli uslubiy qarashlardan foydalanish. Ishning amaliy ahamiyati tadqiqotlarni o'z ichiga olgan bo'lib, dars davomida tilni o'rgatish vositasi sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin.

Kurs ishining tarkibi: Kirish, ikki bob, xulosa, foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro'yxatidan iborat. Har bir bob ikki paragrafdan iborat. Birinchi bob ingliz va rus xalqlarining madaniy hayotining har bir tomonlarini aks ettirishda frazeologik birliklarning ichki shaklining ahamiyatiga bag'ishlangan. Ikkinchi bobda frazeologik birliklarning semantik-tarkibiy xususiyatlari, madaniy qadriyatlarning ma'nosi aks ettirilganligi, ingliz xalqining milliy xususiyatlarining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari va muhim tushunchalar keltirilgan.