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In the case of a trader who uses a nonquantifiable approach (for example, "I buy or sell whenever
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- What are the primary psychological impediments that keep most people from being winning traders How can they deal with each of those problems
In the case of a trader who uses a nonquantifiable approach (for example, "I buy or sell whenever
I get a feeling about the market's impending direction from the chart patterns"), how do you distinguish whether trading problems are related to lack of skill or to psychological impediments to success? Before I take someone on as a client, I need to know that they have some sort of methodology that they think works. I determine what evidence they have of that. Can they, for example, convince me? Have they tested that methodology? Does their testing amount to a hindsight evaluation, or is it based on actual trading signals that one can follow. I also am convinced that it is difficult to make money day trading or trading in a short time frame, so I am skeptical about anyone who wants me to help them day trade successfully. At the same time, I think that lack of skill is, in itself, a psychological impediment to trading. People don't develop a systematic approach or don't test their approach because of poor judgment, lack of goals, internal conflict, etc. So, perhaps the area they need help in is overcoming internal resistance to developing a systematic approach to the market. If somebody came to me and said that was the problem they wanted help with, I would have no problem at all accepting that person as a client. What are the primary psychological impediments that keep most people from being winning traders? How can they deal with each of those problems? What typically happens is that when people approach the markets, they bring their personal problems with them. The markets are a natural place to act out those problems, but not to solve them. Most people end up leaving the markets, but a few decide that they need a system to trade more effectively. Those people who do adopt a systems approach usually just end up transferring their problems from dealing with the market to dealing with their system of trading. One of the basic problems that most traders face is dealing with risk. For example, two primary rales to successful speculative trading are: Cut your losses short and let your profits ran. Most people cannot deal with those two rales. For example, if making money is important to you—as it is to most people who play investment games— then you will probably have trouble taking small losses. As a result, small losses turn into moderate losses, which are even harder to take. Finally, the moderate losses turn into big losses, which you are forced to take—all because it was so hard to take a small loss. Similarly, when people have a profit, they want to take it right away. They think, "I'd better take this now before it gets away." The bigger the profit becomes, the harder it is to resist the temptation to take it now. The simple truth is that most people are risk-aversive in the realm of profits—they prefer a sure, smaller gain to a wise gamble for a larger gain—and risk-seeking in the realm of losses—they prefer an unwise gamble to a sure loss. As a result, most people tend to do the opposite of what is required for success. They cut their profits short 152 and let their losses run. If you think of trading as a game and that a mistake is not following the rales of the game, then it becomes much easier to follow these two rales. You should review your rales at the beginning of the day and review your trading at the end of the day. If you followed your rales, even if you lost money, pat yourself on the back. If you didn't follow your rales, then mentally rehearse what you did and give yourself more appropriate choices in the future. The second majorproblem people have is dealing with stress. Stress really takes two forms: worry and the biological fight/flight response. Our brains have a limited capacity for processing information. If your mind is preoccupied with worry, that worry takes up most of the decision space, and you don't have enough capacity left to perform effectively. One aspect of the fight/flight response is that it causes people to narrow their focus. They revert to earlier well-practiced response patterns. For example, a common decision that people make under stress is not to decide. They do what they did when they were a beginner. They do what their broker advises. In short, they do anything simple. Simple solutions are rarely correct. When people are stressed, they also tend to be crowd followers. The behavior of others provides a simple example to follow. Crowd followers don't have to make decisions, but crowd fol- lowing is a sure way to lose money in the markets. A second important effect of the fight/flight response is that it causes people to expend more energy. When faced with stressful events, people give more effort to the few alternatives they do consider. They keep on doing what they were doing—only they do it harder. Putting more energy into trading decisions does not help you make more money. Instead you will tend to make quick, irrational choices, which use up some of that excess energy. You probably put more energy into a losing position by actively resisting closing it out. The result is a bigger loss. In summary, the fight/flight response will decrease your performance by causing you to narrow your choices and concentrate more energy on the remaining alternatives. The solution for dealing with stress is to work on the causes and to develop stress protectors. I would recommend that people with this problem go into a stress management program. Also, it is important to understand that many stressful events are such because of the way you perceive them. Change those perceptions and you will change the event itself. For example, winners typically differ from losers in their attitude about losses. Most people become anxious about losses, yet successful speculators have learned that an essential ingredient to winning is to make it OK to lose. Since most people in our culture are taught that only winning is acceptable, most investors must change their beliefs about losses to become successful. The third major problem that people have is dealing with conflict. People have different parts of themselves, each of which has a positive intention. For example, someone might have a part to make money, a part to protect him from failure, a part to make him feel good about himself, a part which looks after the welfare of the family, etc. Now, once you establish these parts, you usually allow them to operate subconsciously. What happens is the parts continually adopt new behaviors to cany out their intentions. Sometimes, those new behaviors can produce major conflicts. This model of conflict is one of my most useful beliefs. I'm not saying that people actually have parts, but it is very useful in helping people solve their trading problems for me to believe that. You just have to make them aware of their parts and then conduct a formal negotiation between the parts so that each part is satisfied. If possible, you also want to integrate the parts so that they join together. Download 5.03 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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