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The translation of lexis without equivalence: “realia”
— translating the names of objects characteristic of a L community (meals,
clothes, dishes, dances, etc.) into another L in which these objects do not
exist
The theory of L contacts treats the activity of two L communities aimed at
exploring each other‘s realia as a
process (= exploring-denoting activity)
The process of exploring another L community’s realia differs according to
geographical distance and length of the contact situation:
e.g.,
Hungarian and German
in permanent contact for several centuries,
Hungarian and Russian
came into contact in the second half of the 20th
century
Hungarian and Japanese
are geographically remote from each other
the social-economic level of L communities:
same level
two-way process
different level
one-way process
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