The renaissance analzye the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the italian renaissance

Cultural center

HENRY IV

• 1st King of the Bourbons

• Nobility

• Nobility of the Sword
• Nobility of the Robe = New nobles who purchased title from the King

• Duke of Sully

• Mercantilism
• Encouraged industry
• Reduced debt
• Improved transportation system (Roads and Canals)

LOUIS XIII

• Cardinal Richelieu

• Intendant System

• Weakens nobility
• Replaces local officials with civil servants (Intendants)
• Loyal to the King

• Subdues Huguenots

• Removes walls and armies

• Thirty Years War

LOUIS XIV

• “L’etat, c’est moi” = I am the State

• The Sun King

• Cardinal Mazarin

• Ruled France while Louis XIV was a child
• Angered the Fronde (Nobles)

• Fronde

• Revolted during Louis XIV childhood
• Louis determined to control Nobles from then on

• Corvee = Forced labor

Versailles

• Versailles

• Most impressive palace (Baroque)
• Cost 60% of annual budget
• Controlled Noblity

• Edict of Fountainbleau

• Revoked Edict of Nantes
• Hugenots fled France

• Jean Baptiste Colbert

• Financial Minister (Mercantilism)
• Bullionism
• Transportation system improved
• Trade increased
• Industrial power

War of Devolution

• War of Devolution

• Louis XIV invaded Spanish Netherlands
• Wanted throne for this wife
• Gets Alsace

• War of the League of Augsburg

• William of Orange (England) joins the League to block France
• Starts Anglo-French rivalry

War of Spanish Succession

• War of Spanish Succession

• Charles II of Spain gives throne to grandson of Louis XIV
• Grand Alliance opposes France
• Treaty of Utrecht
• Maintains balance of power
• Ends Louis XIV expansionism
• Britain gets Asiento and Gibraltar
• Prussian King recognized
• Spanish and Bourbon dynasties cannot be united
• Destroys French economy
• England grows in power

SPAIN

• Spain declines in 17th Century

• Economy hurt by loss of Jews and Moors

• Spanish trade cut 60% by Brits and Dutch

• Spanish treasury is bankrupt

• Taxes hurt the peasants

• Inflation from the price revolution hurt industries

• Military defeats

• Spanish Armada
• Thirty Years War
• Treaty of Pyrenees
• War of Spanish Succession

EASTERN VS. WESTERN

• WESTERN ABSOLUTISM

• Divine Right of Kings
• Absolute Monarchs not subordinate to Assemblies
• Nobility brought under control
• Government officials appointed by King
• Control of Catholic Church
• Secret police
• Early Totalitarianism

EASTERN ABSOLUTISM

• EASTERN ABSOLUTISM

• Based on a powerful nobility, weak middle class and an oppressed peasantry composed of serfs
• Kings imposed taxes without consent of their subjects
• Maintained standing armies

SERFDOM

• Serfdom strong in Eastern Europe

• Drop in population created labor shortages (Black Death)

• Nobles demanded kings and princes to restrict movement of peasants

• Heavy labor obligations on serfs and non-serfs such as the robot that required 3-4 days a month of work for the noble

• Hereditary serfdom established

• Eastern nobles power allowed them to keep their serfs

AUSTRIAN EMPIRE

• The ruler of Austria = Hapsburgs

• Austrian Hapsburgs controlled Naples, Milan, Austrian Netherlands (Belgium), and Hungary

• Hungary was the largest part of the dominion whose dominant group were the Magyars

• It was a multinational empire with Germans, Italians, Czechs, Hungarians, Serbians, Romanians, etc included

• The siege of Vienna repelled the Turks in 1683 ending the Ottoman influence in Central Europe

• Emperor Charles VI issued the Pragmatic Sanction (1713) that the empire is never to be divided and passed to his daughter Maria Theresa in 1740.

PRUSSIA

• Hohenzollerns were the ruling family

• Marriages allowed the Hohenzollerns to gain territory

• Frederick William the Great Elector (1640-88)

• Religious toleration granted to Jews and Catholics
• Created the most efficient army in Europe
• Junkers were the backbone of the Prussian Military officers (Nobles)

• Frederick I

• 1st King of Prussia
• Encouraged higher education
• Fought two wars with Louis XIV to maintain balance of power