The renaissance analzye the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the italian renaissance

Confessions of Augsburg (Lutheranism)

Spread

• Northern German states
• Denmark and Sweden

Peasant’s War

• Twelve Articles demanded and end to serfdom and feudalism
• Inspired by Luther
• Luther supported German princes

Schmalkalden League

• Schmalkalden League

• Lutheran Princes unite against Charles V

• Peace of Augsburg (1555)

• Cuius regio, eius religio
• German princes could choose Lutheranism or Catholicism for their region

CALVINISM

• Institutes of the Christian Religion

• Calvin’s foundational work

• Predestination

• The Elect

• Geneva = Theocracy

• Protestant Work Ethic

• Hard work, results in financial success because God likes you

• Presbyterians

• John Knox
• Scotland

Huguenots

• Huguenots

• French Calvinists
• Nobles

• Dutch Reformed Church

• Set the stage for revolt against Philip II

• Puritans

• England
• America

ENGLAND

• Henry VIII

• Defense of the Seven Sacraments
• Defender of the Faith

• Marriages

• Catherine of Aragon
• Anne Boleyn

• Church of England (Anglican Church)

• Pope refuses annulment (Charles V)
• Henry breaks away (Thomas Cranmer)

Act of Supremacy (1534)

• Act of Supremacy (1534)

• King head of the Church
• Confiscated Church lands
• Monasteries closed down

• Act of Succession (1534)

• Oath of loyalty
• Thomas More executed

• Pilgrimage of Grace

• Opposition to Henry’s Reformation

• Statute of Six Articles (1539)

• Maintained most of Catholic doctrines

• Edward VI

• Adopted Calvinism
• Clergy could marry and removed iconic images
• Salvation by faith alone and 2 sacraments

• Mary Tudor

• Returned England to Catholicism
• Marian Exiles = Protestants fleeing
• Bloody Mary
• Married to Philip II of Spain

• Elizabeth I

• Daughter of Anne Boleyn who developed Protestantism in England
• Politique between Anglicans and Puritans

Elizabethan Settlement

• Elizabethan Settlement

• Book of Common Prayer
• Catholicism remained but in private
• English services
• Clergy not allowed to marry
• Required church services

• Thirty-Nine Articles (1563)

• Defined the creed of the Anglican Church

• Mary Stuart

OTHERS

• Anabaptists

• No connection to any state
• Refused to take oaths, pay taxes or serve in the military
• Rejected the Trinity
• Polygamy
• Burned books
• Munster = Anabaptists leaders executed

• Quakers

Ulrich Zwingli

• Ulrich Zwingli

• 1st leader of the Swiss Reformation (Zurich)
• Eucharist was only symbolic
• Colloquy of Marburg
• Split with Luther over Eucharist

WOMEN

• Luther believed women should be home taking care of the children

• Calvin believed in maintaining the moral order

• Suppressed common law marriages

• Marriage should emphasize love

• Bible reading increased women’s literacy

• Protestant Women lost opportunities in church services, property ownership and legal transactions

Catholic women had church opportunities in religious orders

• Catholic women had church opportunities in religious orders

• Angela Merci founded the Ursuline Order

• Provide education and religious training
• Combat heresy through education

• Teresa de Avila

• Believed in a direct relationship with God through prayer and contemplation

CATHOLIC REFORMATION

CAUSES

• Pope Paul III wanted to improve Church through discipline and existing doctrines

• Response to Protestant gains

• Response to critics in the Church that abuses had to be reformed

COUNCIL OF TRENT 1545 - 1563

• Scripture, traditions and writings are equal

• Salvation by faith and “good works”

• All 7 sacraments valid (transubstantiation)

• Monasteries, Celibacy and Purgatory

• Index of Forbidden Books

• Ended Abuses

• Sale of Indulgences
• Sale of Church offices
• Seminaries