The renaissance analzye the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the italian renaissance

Laissez faire

• Opposed government intervention
• Invisible hand = Supply and Demand

David Ricardo = Iron Law of Wages

• David Ricardo = Iron Law of Wages

• Plentiful workers keep wages low
• Hurts the working class
• Fewer worker kids will reduce workers and improve wages

• Utilitarianism

• Jeremy Bentham
• Greatest happiness for the greatest number

• John Stuart Mill

• Absolute freedom of opinion to be protected from censorship and tyranny of the majority (Voltaire)
• Argued for Women’s Rights

Thomas Malthus = POPULATION

• Thomas Malthus = POPULATION

• Inspired revolutions in 19th century

• Influenced reform movements in Britain

LIBERAL REFORM IN ENGLAND

• Britain abandoned the Congress System

• Reformed the prisons = Auburn system

• Metropolitan Police Force

• Test Act Repealed

• Catholic Emancipation Act (1829)

• Reform Bill of 1832

• People demanded a more responsive government because of the cholera epidemic
• Eliminated under populated rural districts (rotten boroughs)
• Representation increased in manufacturing districts

Factory Act 1833

• Factory Act 1833

• Poor Law 1834 (Poorhouses)

• Chartists

• Secret balloting
• No property qualifications for parliament
• Salaries for members of parliament
• Annual elections
• End to the rotten boroughs

• Corn Laws Repealed (1846)

• Victorian Age

FRANCE

• Charter of 1814

• Constitutional Monarchy established
• Louis XVIII

• White Terror

• Former revolutionaries murdered by royalists mobs

• Spanish revolution crushed

• French troops called in by Concert of Europe to restore the monarch

July Revolution (1830)

• July Revolution (1830)

• Charles X July Ordinances were to impose an Absolute Monarchy repealing the Constitution of 1814
• Radicals in Paris revolt = Charles X abdicates
• Louis Phillippe named the new king
• The new Bourgeoisie King let the middle class control the government
• Started a new wave of revolutions in Europe

ITALY

• Northern Italy was controlled by the Austrians inspiring liberal discontent

• Guiseppe Mazzini secret society Young Italy called for unification

• The Carbonari wanted force o achieve national unification

• Austrian troops crushed the disorganized rebellion

• Italian Risorgimento continued Mazzini’s dream

GERMAN STATES

• Carlsbad decrees restricted freedom

• University students and professors inspired by the French demanded constitutions

• Metternich crushed these revolts also

BELGIUM

• The United Provinces of the Netherlands (Dutch Protestant) were united with Belgium (Catholic)

• Belgium resisted being ruled by the Dutch

• They each had a different language, religion and economic life

• They were merged to control France

• Students and professors demanded an independent Belgium

• Netherlands and Belgium separated

RUSSIA

• Decembrist Uprising (1825)

• Junior military officers did not want Nicholas to be the next Czar
• These junior military officers revolt was put down by Nicholas

• Nicholas I

• Police state
• Censorship
• No representative assemblies
• Education carefully monitored

Slavophiles

• Slavophiles

• Russian culture was superior to Western

• Westernizers

• Expand Russian culture through Industrialization and a Constitutional government

SOCIALISM

• Wanted to reorganize society to establish cooperation and create a sense of community

• Count Henri Saint-Simon

• Industrialization with Science will create a great world
• Remove the parasites
• Lawyers, Aristocrats, the Court and the Clergy
• The doers can provide the proper organized society
• Scientists, Engineers and Industrialists
• Public Work projects

• Louis Blanc

Pierre Proudhon

• Pierre Proudhon

• What is Property
• Believed property was stolen from the worker
• The worker is the source of all wealth

UTOPIAN

• Charles Fourier

• Planned Socialist Economy
• Total emancipation of women
•