The renaissance analzye the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the italian renaissance

Careers

Concordat of 1801

• French keeps the lands taken
• France appoints clergy
• Catholic worship allowed in public
• Toleration given to Protestants and Jews

Bank of France

• Bank of France

• Economic Reforms

• Lower food prices
• Increased employment
• Tax system better
• Le Chapelier continued

• Educational Reforms

• Preparation for government service & professional occupations

• Police state repressed liberty, subverted Republicanism and restored Absolutism under Napoleon

NAPOLEONIC WARS

• Crowned himself emperor

• The Grand Empire

• Battle of Trafalgar

• Battle of Austerlitz

• Confederation of the Rhine

• The Continental System

• The Peninsular War

• The Russian Campaign

• Frankfurt Proposals

• Quadruple Alliance

• Charter of 1814

• Hundred Days

• Battle of Waterloo

CONGRESS OF VIENNA

• Met to redraw the territorial lines and restore the social and political order of the ancien regime (Conservatives)

• Prince Metternich

• Czar Alexander I

• Poland
• Holy Alliance

• Legitimacy

• Restore the monarchs

• Compensation

• England = Naval bases
• Austria = Italian provinces
• Russia = Poland
• Prussia = Rhineland
• Sweden = Norway

Balance of Power

• Balance of Power

• No one power could cause a general war
• Encircle France
• Belgium and Netherlands united
• Switzerland = neutrality
• Austria in control of German Confederation (Bund)

• The Concert of Europe (1815-1848)

• Keep the status quo

• Congress System (1815-1822)

• Same as above

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

ROOTS

• Machines replaced humans and animal power

• The Price Revolution stimulated production

• Capitalism = Surplus of $ by middle class invested

• Scientific Revolution

• Cottage Industry = Putting Out System

ENGLAND

• Land and Geography

• Good supply of coal and iron
• Waterways provided power

• Agricultural Revolution

• Enclosure movement created a supply of workers
• Revolutions in agriculture created more food for more workers

• Avoided continental wars

• Bank of England funded industry

• Colonial Empire

• Raw materials
• Market for British products

Stable government with a strong middle class

• Stable government with a strong middle class

• Textiles

• Cotton
• Mechanized
• Women workers

• Coal and Steam Engines

• Iron created heavy industries

• British dominated world markets

• British technology and engineers were best in the world

INVENTIONS

• Flying Shuttle = John Kay

• Spinning Jenny = James Hargreaves

• Water Frame = Richard Arkwright

• Steam Engine = James Watt

TRANSPORATION REVOLUTION

• Steam Power

• Raw materials delivered to factories

• Robert Fulton’s Steamboat

• George Stephenson “Rocket”

• 1st important RR in the heart of industrial England

• Reduced cost of shipping

• Increased size of market = more demand

• Increased the demand for urban workers

• RR used to travel to work

1815 INDUSTRIALIZED EUROPE

• Napoleonic Wars delayed industrialization

• Studied Britain’s mistakes

• Borrowed British technology, engineers and $

• Illegal until 1843
• Belgium, Holland, France and US just after 1815
• Germany, Austria and Italy by 1850
• Eastern Europe and Russia after 1885

• Credit Mobilier helped build RR

• Zollverein

• German tarriff on non-German imports
• Free trade zone among member German states

Bourgeoisie

• Bourgeoisie

• Factory owners
• Golden Age

• Protestants and Jews

• Bankers

URBANIZATION

• Birth of factory towns

• Manchester
• 3 large cities to 31 in 35 years

• Cities switched from cultural centers to industrial centers

• Concentration of the population made conditions worse

• Families working on the farm were an economic unit but industrialization/urbanization changed that

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