The renaissance analzye the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the italian renaissance

Robert Owen

KARL MARX

• Marxism developed by Marx and Friedrich Engels

• The Communist Manifesto

• Bible of communism
• Replace Utopian dreams with brutal blueprint for the proletariat

• Dialectical Materialism

• All human history determined by economic factors
• Class struggle between the rich and poor

• Theory of the Surplus Value

• Worker receives just a small portion of the true value of his work
• It is stolen from him by the capitalist

• Socialism is inevitable

• Violent Revolution needed to overthrow the elite bourgeoisie

Working Men of ALL COUNTRIES UNITE

• Working Men of ALL COUNTRIES UNITE

• Creation of a classless society

• Women are doubly oppressed

• Women are paid low wages and exploited
• Women are considered 2nd class citizens

1848

• Revolutions influenced by Nationalism, Liberalism and Romanticism

• Only Britain and Russia avoided revolutions

• End to serfdom in Austria and Germany

• Stimulated the unification impulse in Prussia and Sardinia-Piedmont (Italy)

• FRANCE

• February Revolution

• Working class and liberals wanted electoral reform
• King abdicates
• Louis Blanc wants National Workshops to provide work for the unemployed

10 hour day established

• 10 hour day established
• Abolished death penalty
• Blanc removed leads to July Revolution

• June Days Revolution

• Government closes National Workshops
• Barricades (Les Miserables
• Revolt crushed by General Cavaignac

• Election of Louis Napoleon

ITALY

• ITALY

• Nationalist and Liberals wanted end to foreign domination (Austrians)

• Giuseppe Mazzini established Republic protected by Garibaldi

• Revolt crushed

• Rural people did not support the revolutions

• Revolutionaries not united

• Fear of radicals among the moderates

AUSTRIA

• AUSTRIA

• Ethnic minorities sought nationalistic goals

• Only 25% of the population was German

• French revolution sparked revolution

• Louis Kossuth was the Hungarian/Magyar leaders demanded independence

• Metternich fled as the empire collapsed

• Austrians and Slavic joined together to defeat the Magyars

• At the Prague Conference Austroslavism was an attempt to unite the Slavic people as one

• Austrians army put it down

GERMAN STATES

• GERMAN STATES

• Inspired by the French

• Frankfurt Parliament

• Liberal Romantics wanted a constitution for all in the German Bund
• Unification of Germany was the goal
• Prussia and Austria defeated Denmark getting Schleswig and Holstein
• Selected Prussia King to rule

• Prussian King Frederick IV

• Divine Right
• Not accept crown from the gutter

Unification movement collapsed because it was not supported by Austria or Prussia

• Unification movement collapsed because it was not supported by Austria or Prussia

• Humiliation of Olmutz

• Austria demanded Prussia’s obedience to Bund that Austria controlled
• Prussia drop unification plan, payback is coming

ROMANTICISM

BASICS

• Emotion over Reason

• Glorification of nature emphasizing its beauty and danger

• Rejected the Enlightenment beliefs

• Emphasized feelings leading a fight against slavery, poverty and industrial evils

• Drew upon ideals of the Middle Ages

• Honor, Faith and Glory

Rousseau = Noble savage

• Rousseau = Noble savage

• Kant = God

• Johann Herder

• Rebelled against Enlightenment
• Believed German language was key to unity
• Volksgeist

• George Wm. Hegel

• Dialectic
• Thesis is challenged by opposing view (Anti-Thesis)
• Result is a blending of the ideas
• Continues throughout history

• Johann Fichte

• Germans were superior
• Anti-Semitic

POETRY

• Johann Goethe

• Faust
• Sells his soul to the devil to experience ….

• Sir Walter Scott

• Historical poems and novels
• Ivanhoe and Knights

LITERATURE

• Goethe

• Romantic hero is misunderstood and rejected by society
• Rejected by the girl he loves
• suicide

• Victor Hugo

• Fantastic characters and strange settings
• Hunchback of Notre Dame
• Les Miserables
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