The renaissance analzye the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the italian renaissance

The Interregnum = No King

• The Commonwealth established a Republic
• Military Dictatorship in reality

The Protectorate

• The Protectorate

• Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell
• Dissolves Rump Parliament
• England divided in 12 military districts
• Denies religious freedom to Anglicans and Catholics
• Jews encouraged to return

• Military Accomplishments

• Violently puts down Irish revolt
• 2/3 of Catholic owned land given to Protestants
• Conquers Scotland

Puritan Regulations

• Puritan Regulations

• Enforcement of Public morality
• No theatres, dancing, or sports
• Strict observance of the Sabbath
• Press censored
• Led to the restoration of Charles II

RESTORATION

• Charles II

• Agreed the King’s power was not absolute
• Religious toleration granted

• Tories and Whigs

• Tories = Nobles, Gentry, Anglicans, pro-Monarchy
• Whigs = Middle-class, Anglicans, pro-Parliament

• The Clarendon Code (1661)

• Restriction on Catholics and Puritans
• The Test Act (1673)
• Excluded from voting, teaching, preaching, government those unwilling to accept the sacraments of the Church of England

Catholicism

• Catholicism

• Charles II granted religious toleration to Catholics
• Deal with Louis XIV for $
• Popish Plot = Titus Oates
• Dissolved Parliament over succession crisis
• Law denying succession to James II who was Catholic

• Habeas Corpus Act (1679)

• Prisoners be in court
• Just cause for imprisonment
• Speedy trials
• No Double jeopardy

• Scotland

• Charles II names himself head of the Church of Scotland
• Wanted to impose Anglican Church
• Killing Time in Scotland

James II (1655-58)

• James II (1655-58)

• Wanted to return England to Catholicism
• Granted Religious freedom to all
• Starts the Glorious Revolution

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION 1688

• Parliament wanted a Constitutional Monarchy

• Declaration of Indulgence

• Grants freedom of worship to Catholics
• Catholic heir is born

• James II abdicates throne

• William and Mary

• Parliament declares them joint monarchs
• Agrees to the Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights

• The Bill of Rights

• King cannot be Roman Catholic
• Laws made with consent of Parliament
• Parliament has freedom of speech
• Taxation only with Parliament approval
• Due process of law
• Right to bear arms
• Right of petition
• No dissolving of Parliament by monarch

• John Locke

• Defends Glorious Revolution
• People create a government to protect their natural rights
• Life, Liberty and Property

• Act of Settlement (1701)

• If no successor then crown goes to the House of Hanover
• German princes

The Cabinet System

• The Cabinet System

• The leading ministers selected by the majority party of the House of Commons make common policy
• They conduct the business of the country under the Prime Minister

• Robert Walpole

• 1st Prime Minister
• Cabinet was responsible to House of Commons and not the King

NETHERLANDS

• Government controlled by bourgeoisie

• Confederation of 7 provinces

• Each province was self-governing and represented in the Estates General

• Each province elected a stadholder (governor)

• In times of crisis they elected one stadholder to be the military leader (House of Orange)

RELIGION, ECONOMICS & POLITICS

• Calvinism was dominant religion

• Dutch Reformed
• Arminian

• Catholics and Jews enjoyed religious toleration

• Cosmopolitan society

• Amsterdam (Banking and Trade)

• Relied on Commerce

• Dutch East India Company

• Wars with England, France and the Spanish Succession caused them to decline

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

• Medieval views were based on Aristotle and Ptolemy

• Geocentric
• Church views, traditions and practices governed society

• Causes of Revolution

• Free inquiry by philosophers
• Scientific figures taught at universities
• Renaissance stimulated science in rediscovering ancient mathematics

COPERNICUS

• On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres

• Heliocentric View

• Challenged Ptolemy and the book of Genesis

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