The renaissance analzye the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the italian renaissance

Frederick William I

• Frederick William I

• Made Prussia the Sparta of the North
• Doubled the size of the military
• 80% of revenue went to the military
• Army was seen as a deterence
• Established schools for peasant children
• Civil service advancement based on merit

RUSSIA

• Ivan III (The Great)

• Ended Mongol domination of Muscovy
• Established Moscow as Third Rome for the Eastern Orthodox Church
• The Czar (Tsar) claimed divine right absolute power
• Fought with the Boyars (nobles) for power

• Ivan IV (The Terrible)

• Increased the size of Russia
• Cossacks were a problem
• Executed Nobles who opposed him
• Increased serfdom

Period of famine, wars and power struggles followed Ivan IV known as the Time of Troubles

• Period of famine, wars and power struggles followed Ivan IV known as the Time of Troubles
• Cossacks
• Sweden and Poland

• Michael Romanov

• Selected by the Boyars to be the new Czar
• Expanded empire to the Pacific Ocean
• The Cossack revolts led to more restrictions on the serfs
• Old Believers opposed the influx of Western European religious groups into Russia
• Began Westernizing Russia

Peter the Great (1682-1725)

• Peter the Great (1682-1725)

• The revolt of the Strelski was defeated by Peter
• Expanded the army by requiring serfs to serve 25 year enlistments
• 75% of budget
• Royal military academies
• The Great Northern War against Sweden gave Russia Latvia and Estonia that will become is Window on the West in the Baltic Sea
• He will import western technology and experts to Westernize Russia
• Peter ruled by decree
• The Table of Ranks set education standards for civil servants
• Orthodox Church became a part of the government under his control
• The Winter Palace in St. Petersburg was to model Versailles

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

• Could not maintain possessions in the Balkans and Central Europe because of Russian and Austrian advances

• Suleiman the Magnificent nearly conquered ½ of Eastern Europe

• The Janissary corps were Christian slaves selected to loyal servants in the Ottoman bureaucracy

• As Muslim religious leaders gained influence they rejected European ideas speeding up its decline as the Sick Man of Europe

POLAND

• Liberum veto required a unanimous vote in the Polish parliament to make changes

• Russia and Prussia encouraged nobles to invoke liberum veto to weaken Poland

• Poland carved up by Russia, Austria and Prussia by 1800.

CONSTITUTIONALISM

STUART ENGLAND

• James I

• Believed in divine right of kings
• “No bishop, No King”
• Dissolved Parliament over taxes
• Guy Fawkes Plot
• King James Bible

• Charles I

• Divine Right of Kings
• Wanted to rule without Parliament
• Taxes and Quartering of troops

Petition of Right (1628)

• Petition of Right (1628)

• Parliament wanted basic legal rights in return for taxes
• Only Parliament can levy taxes
• No imprisonment without due process of law
• Habeas corpus
• No quartering of troops
• No martial law during peacetime
• King agrees to get taxes

• Dissolves Parliament (1629)

• Parliament refuses to raise taxes
• Rules without Parliament
• Raises money using Medieval forms of taxation
• Ship Money

Archbishop Laud

• Archbishop Laud

• Drives Puritans out of Church of England

• The Short Parliament (1640)

• Scottish revolt over English Prayer Book
• Charles needed taxes but is disbanded over not acceptance of Petition of Right

• The Long Parliament (1640-1648)

• Scottish victory
• Parliament cannot be dissolved
• Archbishop Laud executed
• Star Chamber abolished
• Common law over Royal law

OLIVER CROMWELL

• Charles tries to arrest Puritan leaders in Parliament starting the English Civil War

• Cavaliers

• Supporters of the King (Anglican Church)
• Old Nobility
• Irish Catholics

• Roundheads

• Puritans and Presbyterians
• London
• Businessmen
• Scotland

• Oliver Cromwell

• Commander of Roundheads New Model Army
• Defeated Charles I at Nasby
• Stops Scottish invasion

Pride’s Purge

• Pride’s Purge

• New Model Army removes non-Puritans from Parliament
• Rump Parliament

• Charles I beheaded

• New Sects Emerge

• Levellers = Social and Political Reforms
• Diggers = Rejected Parliament’s authority and private ownership of land
• Quakers = Inner light
• Rejected Church authority
• Pacifists
• Allowed women to preach
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