Til va madaniyat

Semantic Development of the Lexeme 
"Katorga"
Kamola Rikhsieva
1
Abstract
The article analyzes the semantics of the lexeme "penal servitude".
I tried to reveal the origin, foundation, construction and development of the 
penal servitude lexeme based on dictionaries created in the ancient Turkic 
language. A comparative analysis of the values given in the explanatory 
and electronic dictionaries of the Uzbek, Russian and English languages is 
carried out. Based on the research of Russian scientists on this topic and 
the meanings interpreted in their dictionaries, an attempt was made to 
justify that this is a Turkic word, and not a Greek one. New conclusions 
were made on the basis of an analysis of the opinions of linguist scientists 
about the etymology of this word. Brief reviews of the Russian language 
from the ancient Turkic language and similar words borrowed into other 
languages through it are recorded.
Key words: lexeme, semantics, semantic development, associativity, 
vocabulary, electronic dictionary, explanatory dictionary, etymology, series.
References
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Nauka. 
Etimologicheskiy slovar tyurkskix yazikov. Moskva, 1977
Fasmer, M. 1986. Etimologicheskiy slovar russkogo yazika. Moskva. 
Gumbatov, G. 2012. Istoricheskaya prarodina tyurkov.  Baku: Elm i taxsil. 
Kojevnikova, Y.A. 2009. Tyurkizmi v sovremennom russkom yazike. 
Shipova, Y.N. 1976. Slovar tyurkizmov v russkom yazike. Alma-Ata: Nauka. 
Yunaleeva R.A. 2005. Tyurkizmi v russkoy klassike: slovar s tekstovim iillyus-
tratsiyami. Kazan: Taglimat. 
1Kamola G. Rikhsieva – Lecturer, Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and 
Literature named after Alisher Navo'i.