Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer
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Such independence can turn into a translation problem.
For example: the translation of shape or visual poetry (
versus cancel-
lati,
carmina figurata in Renaissance texts) or of concrete poetry (cf.
Toury 1980a: 11415).
We should distinguish these secondary derivatives of human verbal language
from
tertiary derivatives, e.g. traffic signs.
By
lect, we not only refer to national languages (e.g. English, Spanish,
which we would call
paralects) but also to subforms on lower ranks, like
dialects. Types of dialect include regional dialects or
regiolects (like Broad
Yorkshire), social dialects or
sociolects (the lect of the lower as opposed to
the upper classes in Britain, e.g. Cockney). An
idiolect is the language va
riety unique to an individual at a particular point in time (e.g. the language
of Shakespeare, the language of James Joyce’s
Ulysses). For terminology in
German cf. Gerstenkorn (1971), Heger (1969).
Lects can cause translation problems.
For example: in the translation of
My Fair Lady for the German stage,
the English regional sociolect (Cockney) was replaced by a German
regiolect because German does not have regional sociolects.
For example: the style of a scholarly paper presented in English may
be far less formal than that of a paper presented in German.
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