Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
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- 2.3 Forms of transfer
2.2.3 Language
3 A third category of language (language 3 ) is indicated by expressions like ‘formal language’ or ‘colloquial language’. Such phenomena are addressed, for example, by a theory of style. Different styles can also cause translation problems. 2.3 Forms of transfer The use of human verbal language and its immediate derivatives will be called ‘verbal action’, as opposed to ‘nonverbal action’ (e.g. nodding, waving good bye, playing football). With regard to the concept of action [Handlung], cf. Rehbein (1977), Harras (1978). One type of action or product may be converted into another, e.g. a painting into music, a football game into a match report, a German poem into English prose, Homer’s Greek hexameter into English hexameter. With regard to non verbal communication, cf. Scherer and Wallbott 1979. Of worlds and languages 22 We may distinguish between several varieties of transfer (Nida 1964: 18485, seems to use the term ‘transfer’ as a generic term for any kind of translation), for example: (1) action → action (e.g. I see someone point to a piece of paper on the floor and I pick it up); (2) non-verbal action → verbal action and vice versa (e.g. I am asked to pick the paper up and I pick it up; I see someone point to the piece of paper and I utter a cry of protest); (3) verbal action → verbal action (e.g. transforming an assertion into a question). Types of action can often not be exactly matched between cultures. This can cause translation problems. Clearly, translational action belongs primarily to type (3), as it is a specific variety of verbal transfer. (With regard to actional components in T&I cf., for example, 2.2.1.(1).) Other classifications of transfer are possible, e.g. the one by Jakobson (cf. [1959]2004: 139) with two types: (1) The transfer of a set of signs from sign system x into an (equivalent) set of signs for the same sign system (e.g. modifying a piano score for a full orchestra); (2) The transfer of a set of signs from sign system x into a set of signs from sign system y (e.g. converting a mathematical formula in decimal system into a sequence of electrical impulses in binary code; playing music from notes on paper). (1) and (2) have subtypes: (1’) the transfer of a novel written in language A into a theatre play in the same language, etc.: ‘intralingual translation’; (2’) the transfer of a text in language A into language B (e.g. translat ing a novel by T. S. Eliot into German; translating John Hartley’s Yorkshire Ditties into standard English: ‘interlingual translation’). Such cases always imply a cultural transfer as well. Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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