Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
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- 3.6 Translation as an IO about another IO
3.5.3 Information offer
The above terminological and interpretative difficulties in instruction linguis- tics can be avoided or solved if we regard a text as an ‘offer of information’. This also has advantages for a theory of translation. Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer 69 For example: we assume that the primary function of a statement like It’s raining! is the information that (the sender thinks) it is rain- ing and that (the sender considers) this information is supposedly of interest (‘new’) to the recipient, e.g. because it tells him about a situ- ation of which he is assumed to be ignorant, it indicates the sender’s willingness to communicate (phatic communication), it signals that the sender wishes the recipient to take an umbrella with him when he goes out, etc. The question Is it raining? would, on the other hand, be interpreted as information that the speaker expects information about the weather, etc. The diagrams 1-7 will have to be amended accordingly. This applies to both texts and text segments. 3.6 Translation as an IO about another IO It is essential for our theory as a general theory of translation that each trans latum (whether translated or interpreted), independent of its function (cf. text types in Reiß �1971��2000 and 1976a) or genre, be considered to be an informa- tion offer for a target language and culture (IO T ) about an information offer from a source language and culture (IO S ). Trl. = IO T (IO S ) The translator (or the commissioner with the translator’s agreement or, ex- pressed more generally, the translatum) offers some information about the source text which, in turn, is regarded as an offer of information. Compare the following situation: when translators are asked, in sight translating or in informal interpreting situations, What does the text say? or What did the old lady say? or even without such an explicit request, they sometimes spontaneously introduce the translatum by It says that … or She said that … , i.e. by an explicit piece of information about the source text, and not only by an extension of the communication in another code, in which the interpreter only serves as medium or relay station. (This is not the place to speak about the qualitative value of such a strategy.) In such cases, occasionally, a (faulty) transfer of pronouns may occur, in which the first person of the source text is turned into a third person in the target text (he goes on to write that he will … instead of I will …). Another indication that translating is not simply passing on a communica- tion but offering information about a previous communicative interaction can be found in the fact that, when passing on a communication, the speaker may be asked to repeat the wording (which may have to be recorded on tape). Simple transcoding preserves an exact reproduction (there are some exceptions, e.g. transcoding from Latin into Arabic script often does not retain the quality of Translational action as an ‘offer of information’ 70 short vowels.) Only in a very few exceptional cases will a translation be a uni- vocal, reversible process; we also believe that a (justified) change of functions with regard to the source text is legitimate. For example: the following closing formulas for business correspond- ence are largely interchangeable: yours faithfully / yours truly / yours respectfully etc. as well as their German counterparts mit freundlichen Grüßen / mit bestem Gruß / hochachtungsvoll / mit vorzüglicher Hochachtung etc. We are claiming that, for our theory of translation, the following means of expression is meaningful and appropriate: the translation of a business letter (as a business letter) informs about the content of the source letter; the transla- tion of a poem (as a poem) informs, for example, about the interdependence of form and meaning, etc. In order to avoid pointless concepts and modes of description, we would have to add, with regard to literary texts, that translation also (and sometimes Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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