Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
3.8 The benefits of our theory
What is the benefit of our concept of translation as an IO T about an IO S ? Toury (1980a: passim) would ask: in what sense is it a ‘theory of translatability’? The examples discussed above may already provide an answer: if trans- lation is regarded as extension of a specific communication in which an instruction is passed on, it is not possible to tell why something is translated, and why it is translated the way it is translated, at least not in general and independently of specific text types or situations or, incidentally, standard practice. We have already mentioned the possibility of a change of function in translation. A theory which regards translation as an extension of communica- tion as an instruction would not be able to justify such a change of function in a methodologically sound way. This kind of justification would not fit into the theory and, therefore, the theory itself would be incomplete. Our theory is suited to making a first attempt to define the what, when and how of a translational action. Of course, such an attempt would still remain rather general and vague. But it might provide a useful guideline one day for a pragmatic approach which, in any case, would be interdisciplinary because the definition of the when and what of a translational action would have to be based, amongst other things, on a sociological perspective (for details, cf. the current theory of reception, cf. Grimm 1977, esp. 117-44). Translational action assumes a given target situation (Toury 1980a, esp. 82-83) or, more specifically, expectations with regard to a target situation (on the part of the translator, or the commissioner in agreement with the translator, whose consent is expressed by accepting the commission). From this target situation, it can be inferred whether and how the translational action should be carried out (e.g. whether it makes sense to produce a translation, which function it should serve, how this function can best be achieved). Unlike Toury, we believe that translation is a phenomenon of both the source and the target culture. It begins in the source culture, and it may even have a direct or indirect impact on the source culture (cf. the effect of the German translations of Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales on Danish literature). Translation as an instruction would depend on the circumstances of the producer’s situation and, therefore, the source culture and language. Translation as an offer of information is primarily dependent on the recipient’s situation (more specifically, the expectations regarding the recipient’s situation) and, therefore, the target culture and language. (It depends on specific conditions, based on the assumption that there are specific conditions regarding the recipi- Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer 75 ent’s situation.) Information is usually not offered unless it is required or seems appropriate under the (expected) circumstances of the recipient’s situation. Along similar lines, Haug and Rammer (1974: 56) quote Herrmann: It is not the purpose of language ���� to combine particular elements and semantic structures with their own individual meanings accord- ing to strict translation rules. Rather, the speaker increasingly chooses words and sentences to match the holistic communicative situation, which includes a partner whose alternative ways of thinking are antici- pated and taken into consideration in the verbalization of the semantic structures intended to be conveyed. 36 The following example illustrates how much translations consider the (ex- pected) situation of the intended audience mentioned by Grimm: A further instance is the adaptation of a translation for political rea- sons. In the German version of Roman Polanski’s film The Fearless Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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