Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
particular statement and behave accordingly
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
particular statement and behave accordingly. 46 Die Wechselseitigkeit besteht darin, daß die Beteiligten davon ausgehen, daß ihre In- terpretationen übereinstimmen, und zwar in hinreichender Weise für die Verfolgung ihrer derzeitigen praktischen Zwecke. Die derzeitigen praktischen Zwecke umfassen alles das, was jeweils Ziel ist. (Kallmeyer 1977: 52) 47 Vollkommenes Verstehen […] halten wir für praktisch unerreichbar. […] Die “Tatsache”, daß Kommunizierende [sich verständigen], besagt [nur etwas] über Kompatibilität der Situationstheorien. (Weidmann 1970: 128) Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer 97 For example: in The Bride of Messina, Friedrich von Schiller uses the chorus as a kind of virtual recipient, anticipating their reactions to the play. He comments on this in the preface entitled ‘On the Use of the Chorus in Tragedy’. In such cases, reactions or feedback can only take place in the producer’s mind as a kind of ‘self-assessment’. If a reaction is impossible or cannot be received, it will be impossible to decide whether or not the action was successful. The protest we have been discussing so far refers to two distinct phenom- ena: (1) the producer’s intention as manifested in, and recognizable through, the text, or as inferred from other circumstances, and (2) the sense of the text, which may differ from the producer’s intention or which for some reason or another disregards the producer’s intention. This type of protest has to be distinguished from a protest intended or even provoked by the sender, i.e. a protest which is part of the producer’s intention. It must be marked as expected in the text, e.g. by means of an obvious exaggeration (cf. Titzmann 1977). This protest actually proves that the action was successful because there is no protest against the deliberate provocation of protest: the recipients protest exactly as the producer wanted them to protest. For an action to be successful, it is not necessary that its interpretation correspond to the sender’s intention ( 3.5.2.). (With regard to the range of possible interpretations cf. Biessner 1982, also Stackelberg 1978.) For an action to be regarded as successful, there should be no protest against (1) the transmission (as an event) and the manner of transmission, (2) the information offered as such, and (3) its interpretation (i.e. protest on the part of the producer against the recipient’s reaction). Protest (1) can refer both to the fact that a transmission has occurred in the first place (e.g. a pornographic programme on TV) and to the manner of transmission (protest of the type why in such an unfriendly tone?). To be able to assess the quality of translational action, we have to take a closer look at protest (2). As translational action is a specific form of transfer, the assessment can refer to (a) the transfer as such, and (b) the transfer skopos. Thirdly, the protest might refer to the information transferred. If, in our theory, a message is defined as an offer of information and a translational action as an offer of information IO T about an IO S , the protest refers to the content, i.e. to the information offered by the source text, and this is irrelevant to an assess- ment of a translation as a transfer activity. The translational action as such can be successful in spite of this protest, e.g. it may be an adequate translation of a text with whose content we do not agree. However, the translational action can become the subject of protest if the criticism could be levelled against it that, in a particular translatum, an offer of information has been transferred in a particular (non-desired) way. Such a Some further considerations regarding the theoretical groundwork 98 protest refers to the transfer skopos and/or the transfer mode and is, therefore, a protest against the transfer as such, in this case against the translational ac- tion (e.g. this should not have been translated in this way [for such and such reasons]). For example: a particular translation of The Arabian Nights for children could be criticized because some passages ‘liable to have a harmful influence on minors’ have not been deleted. This criticism not only refers to the information offer as such but also to the translation because the result is not adequate to its purpose. Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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