Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
Summary of the theoretical groundwork
Download 1.78 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 6. Some further considerations regarding the theoretical groundwork 6.1 Success and protest
5. Summary of the theoretical groundwork
( 3., 4.) The groundwork behind our general theory of translational action consists of three assumptions which, as we shall see later, are hierarchically linked in the following order: (1) TA = f (sk) A translational action is a function of its skopos. (2) TA = IO T (IO S ) A translational action is an offer of information produced in a target culture and language about an offer of information produced in a source culture and language. (3) TA ⊆ IO S × IO T The target information offer is represented as a transfer which simu- lates a source information offer. The simulation is not biuniquely reversible. A narrower culture-specific version of this claim is that a target offer of information is a transfer which imitates a source offer of information. Note that we speak of ‘a’ source offer and ‘a’ target offer, both of which rep- resent only one out of an indefinite number of potential offers. (With regard to the use of these pseudo-formulas 1.1.) 6. Some further considerations regarding the theoretical groundwork 6.1 Success and protest (With regard to the concept of success [in German, Glücken] cf. Löffler 1976: 386-89; with regard to the assessment of success by the sender, the recipient or a chance listener, see Harras 1978: 66-68.) Each action provokes feedback, which is then part of the action itself. The recipient (in his role as producer 2 ) lets the producer 1 (in his role as recipient 2 ) know that the message has arrived. The kind of feedback that is given indi- cates how the message arrived and was accepted. The recipient reacts to the message transmitted by the producer. For example: B meets his colleague C at work in the morning and must (we assume) greet her in line with culture-specific norms, while C must return the greeting, i.e. react, in line with culture-specific norms as well. How C returns the greeting is not that important. She can choose to react using words and/or actions, choosing from a repertoire of options in both cases. If she does not react at all, i.e. if she does not acknowledge B’s greeting, this would be interpreted as a negative reaction, which is also a form of reaction. If B realizes that C was not aware of B’s presence or greeting, B will repeat his action (usually in a different form). If B thinks that C wished to ignore him on purpose, he may become angry and ‘protest’ (in one way or another), e.g. not greeting C any more in the morning, asking her whether she is cross with him, etc. An action is considered to be successful if the feedback does not include a protest and if the producer does not protest in a counter-reaction to the re- cipient’s reaction at a later point. In other words, an action can be considered (!) successful if, and insofar as, no protest is raised in any subsequent action. (‘Insofar as’ refers both to the duration and to a particular part or aspect of the action, e.g. [you greeted me, but] why in such an unfriendly tone?). An action may be successful in part. A lack of reaction is a form of feedback with protest in the sense of ‘the message did not arrive’ or ‘I don’t want to react’. With regard to the claim that understanding means assuming you have understood something (cf. Glinz 1973: 49), Kallmeyer points out: Reciprocity exists when the participants assume that their interpreta- tions are sufficiently congruent with one another to accomplish their Some further considerations regarding the theoretical groundwork 96 immediate practical purposes. These include everything the commu- nication or specific communicative activities are aiming at (cf. also Kallmeyer and Schütze 1975, Cicourel 1975, Schütze 1975). 46 Along the same lines, Weidmann states: We consider full understanding to be practically unachievable. […] The ‘fact’ that people communicate only tells us that their theories regarding the situation are compatible. 47 Cf. also Coseriu (1975: 1144), who maintains that there is no reason why we should take for granted that the other one ‘understands’ the message. There are three requirements which must be met to make understanding possible: (1) the parties to the interaction must share similar and/or comple- mentary experiences; (2) they must have gone through similar enculturation processes; (3) they must be in a similar frame of mind. For translators, the first two requirements mean that they have to be bicultural. Requirement (1) also implies that a translator need not be able to translate or interpret ‘everything’. We shall not discuss the problem of understanding any further at this point. ‘Protest’ should be understood in a broad sense here. A reaction like well, not bad expresses a protest if the intonation, the particle well and the double negation not bad imply that something better might have been expected. There can be a time lag between action and reaction, even quite a long one, e.g. a book may be reviewed years after its publication. An action can be regarded to have been provisionally successful as long as no protest has been made (just as a theory is valid as long as it has not been falsified). The reaction of a possible or imaginary (virtual) recipient can only exist as an anticipated or imaginary (virtual) reaction. An author may imagine, for example, how the audience whom he has chosen to address might react to a Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2025
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling