11.4.3 Genre conventions as a guideline for text comprehension
The expectations triggered by all sorts of textualization conventions are
closely linked to the process of comprehending the text or its components. If
the sentence This is one of the best films to have been produced in Germany
in recent years were to appear in a film review (genre: review; text type:
informative), it would not be understood in the same way as if it were part
of a cinema advertisement. It would provide “a different degree of semantic
information”, as Kapp (1976: 40) puts it. In the advertisement, the readers
would not interpret one of the best films as reliable information but as part
of the persuasion mechanisms typical of operative texts. In the review, they
would understand it as a reliable and (subjectively) valid statement about the
quality of the film.
It is a reciprocal process: the genre guides the interpretation of a particular
text element and particular text elements (conventionally) guide the way a text
is assigned to a genre.
If the sentence He was a good citizen and a gentleman who always kept
himself in shape until he was run over by a car (cf. a similar example in Ger-
man in Sanders 1977: 54) is pronounced in a funeral eulogy, everyone will
understand kept himself in shape in its figurative sense. Even a listener who
recognizes the involuntary ambiguity of the text element will interpret it as
an idiom, at least as far as the speaker’s intention is concerned because stale
puns do not belong to the genre conventions of funeral eulogies. In a joke,
however, the ambiguity of the expression will be immediately recognized. In
a novel (see
example 7,
10.8.1.), the comment that the English language
lacks a particular pronoun is understood as a rhetorical move on the part of the
author to indirectly characterize her protagonist’s linguistic sensitivity; in a
grammar book, the same comment would be regarded as a reliable information
about the English language because a textbook is conventionally expected to
provide factual information.
The functions of genre conventions in communication, which have been
briefly explained above, may influence translators’ behaviour in different ways
and to varying degrees by guiding their translational decisions.
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