Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer
47 The Commercial Text, the Scientific Text, the Journalistic Article, and the Tourist Information Booklet in our sample texts all fall within this category of STs necessitating a covert translation. All of these TTs have direct target language addressees, for whom this TT is as immediately and ‘originally’ relevant as ST is for the source language addressees. (House �1977��1981: 194-95). The comments on Neubert’s text typology apply to this kind of argumentation as well. However, House goes further than Neubert when she adds the follow- ing important specification: In a covert translation, the translator has to place a cultural filter be- tween ST and TT; he has to, as it were, view ST through the glasses of a target culture member. (House �1977��1981: 196-97) She then continues with the following comments on the functions of texts: The assumption that a particular text necessitates either a covert or an overt translation – while holding, we believe, in the detailed instances brought forward above – may, however, not hold in every case. Thus, any text may, for specific purposes, require an overt translation, i.e., it may be viewed as a document which ‘has independent status’ and exists in its own right; e.g., our Commercial Text might be cited as evidence in a non-English speaking court of law, or its author may, in the course of time, prove to be a distinguished political or literary figure. In these two instances, the texts to be translated would clearly not have an equivalent function in translation, i.e., in both cases an overt translation would be appropriate. Further, there may well be STs for which the choice overt-or-covert translation is a subjective one, e. g., fairy tales may be viewed as folk products of a particular culture, which would predispose a translator to opt for an overt trans- lation, or as non-culture specific texts, anonymously produced, with the general function of entertaining the young, which would suggest a covert translation; or consider the case of the Bible, which may be treated as either a collection of historical literary documents, in which case an overt translation would seem to be called for, or as a collection of human truths directly relevant to Everyman, in which case a covert translation might seem appropriate. Further, it is clear that the specific purpose for which a ‘translation’ is required will determine whether a covert translation or an overt version should be made. In other words, just as the decision as to whether an overt or a covert translation is appropriate for a particular text may be conditioned by factors such as the changeable status of the text producer, so clearly the initial choice between translating a given ST and producing an overt version of it, cannot be made on the Translational action as an ‘offer of information’ 48 basis of features of the text, but is conditioned by the arbitrarily deter- mined purpose for which the translation/version is required. (House �1977��1981: 202 and 204). This is where House shifts from a text-typological to a functional translation theory, the latter being described, as it were, as an exception to the former. But exceptions are always problematic in a theory. It would be simpler (and easier) to start with a functional theory which defines the preservation of function as a case of ‘zero difference’. Then we would have a single theory in which, under specific conditions, a specific factor can be assigned the value ∅ (zero). On the contrary, if we start from a very specific case, the theory would have to be expanded to include each exception by introducing a new factor, i.e. it would be transformed into a more complex (new) theory. The point is that House runs into difficulties because she is mainly using static ways of expression; a dynamic form of expression would allow her analysis to achieve its aim more quickly and more comprehensibly. Instead of claiming that a particular translation strategy is the appropriate one for a given text, it should be stated that, under certain circumstances, a particular strategy is chosen for a text, etc. It is important to note, however, that House emphasizes the relevance of ‘culture’ for the choice of translation strategies. Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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