Unit 1 Nouns- otlar: singular nouns- birlik otlar plural

Affirmative Negative
Darak shakli Inkor shakli
Long form Short form Long form Short form
To’liq shakli Qisqa shakli To’liq shakli Qisqa shakli
I have cleaned I’ve cleaned I have not cleaned I haven’t cleaned
You have cleaned You’ve cleaned You have not cleaned You haven’t cleaned
He/she/it has cleaned he/she/it’s cleaned he/she/it has not cleaned he/she/it hasn’t cleaned
We have cleaned we’ve cleaned We have not cleaned we haven’t cleaned
You have cleaned You’ve cleaned You have not cleaned You haven’t cleaned
They have cleaned They’ve cleaned They have not cleaned They haven’t cleaned
Interrogative
Inkor shakli
Have I cleaned? Have you cleaned?
Have you cleaned? Have they cleaned?
Has he/she/it cleaned?
Have we cleaned?
You have cleaned. – Siz tozaladingiz.
You have not cleaned. – Siz tozalamadingiz.
Have you cleaned? – Siz tozaladingizmi?
Noto’g’ri fe’ldan yasalgan “Hozirgi tugallangan zamonning” formulasi
Affirmative Negative
Darak shakli Inkor shakli
Long form Short form Long form Short form
I have eaten I’ve eaten I have not eaten I haven’t eaten
You have eaten You’ve eaten You have not eaten You haven’t eaten
He/she/it has eaten he/she/it’s eaten he/she/it has not eaten he/she/it hasn’t eaten
We have eaten we’ve eaten We have not eaten We haven’t eaten
You have eaten You’ve eaten You have not eaten You haven’t eaten
They have eaten They’ve eaten They have not eaten They haven’t eaten
Interrogative
So’roq shakli
Have I eaten?
Have you eaten?
Has he/she/it eaten?
Have we eaten?
Have you eaten?
Have they eaten?
I have eaten. – Men yedim.
I have not eaten. – Men yemadim.
Have I eaten? – Men yedimmi?
USE – ISHLATILISHI:
Biz hozirgi tugallangan zamonni quyidagi holatlarda ishlatamiz:
* O’tgan zamonda aniq bo’lmagan, belgilanmagan paytda sodir bo’lgan ish harakatlarga nisbatdan qo’llaymiz.
They have bought a new house. – Ular yangi uy sotib olishdi. ( qachon ular uy sotib olishdi? Biz bilmaymiz qachon; vaqti takidlanmagan)
* Ish harakatlarga nisbatan qaysilarki o’tgan zamonda boshlanib va hozirgi zamonda ham davom etayotgan bo’lsa.
I have known Mary for ten years. – Men Merini o’n yildan beri taniman. ( biz o’n yil oldin tanishganmiz va hozir ham tanishmiz).
* Yaqinda tugagan ish harakatlarga nisbatan va ularning natijalri hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turgan bo’lsa “Hozirgi tugallangan zamonni” ishlatamiz.
Tom has just painted the fence. – Tom endigina zaborni bo’yab bo’ldi. ( u hozirgina bo’yashni tugatdi, zabordagi bo’yoq haligacha xo’l).