Unit 1 Nouns- otlar: singular nouns- birlik otlar plural

Use – ishlatiahi:
Biz “past simple” ni quyidagi holatlarda ishlatamiz:
1. O’tgan zamonda aniq belgilangan paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda, ya’ni ish-harakatini qachon sodir bo’lganligini bilganimizda:
They got married 15 years ago. – Ular 15 yil oldin turmush qurishgan ( qachon turmush qurishgan? 15 yil oldin)
2. O’tgan zamonda takroran sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarga ammo hozirda sodir bo’lmayotgan. Bunday ish-harakatlar bilan noaniq zamon ravishlari ham ishlatishimiz mumkin. (always – har doim, often-tez-tez, usualy-odatda, never-hech qachon, sometimes-bazida)
My father often took me to the playground when I was little. – Dadam meni tez-tez o’ynashga olib borardi kichkinaligimda.
3. O’tgan zamonda birin ketin sodir bo’lgan harakatlarga “the past simple” ni ishlatamiz.
First, they had lunch. Then they met some friends. - Birinchi, ular tushlik qilishdi, so’ng ular do’stlar bilan uchrashishdi.
Time Expressions – Vaqt iboralari
Last Monday/Tuesday – o’tgan dushanba/seshanba, then – o’shanda,keyin,so’ng, shundan so’ng, when- qachonki.
Short answers – qisqa javoblar:
Did you go to the cinema? Yes, I did/No, I didn’t. – Kinoteatrga bordingizmi? Ha/Yo’q
Quyidagi formulani yod oling!
Did you +verb…? Yes, I did/No, I didn’t
Yes, we did/No, we didn’t
Did he/she/it +verb …? Yes, he/she/it is
No, he/she/it didn’t
Did they+verb…? Yes, they did/No, they didn’t
Unit 13
Present Perfect – Hozirgi tugallangan zamon
He has bought a horse. – U ot sotib oldi.
How long have they been married? They have been married for 35 years. – ular qancha vaqtdan beri turmush qurishgan? Ular 35 yil davomida turmush qurishgan.
Richard’s car has just broken down. Richardning moshinasi hozirgina buzilib qoldi.
Biz “hozirgi tugallangan zamon” ni yordamchi fe’limiz Have/Has yordamida yasaymiz va fe’lning o’tgan sifatdosh shakli bilan. Biz to’g’ri fe’ldan o’tgan sifatdosh yasaganimizda fe’limizga – ed qo’shimchasini qo’shamiz.
Clean – cleaned (tozalamoq-tozalangan), study – stadied (o’rganmoq-o’rgangan).
Biz noto’g’ri fe’ldan o’tgan sifatdoshni boshqacha yasaymiz ya’ni fe’lning shakli o’zgarib ketadi. Give – given (bermoq – berilgan).
I have written a letter. (men bitta xat yozdim).
“Hozirgi tugallangan zamonni” so’roq shaklini yasaganimizda have/has kerakli kishilik olmoshlarining oldiga qo’yiladi va kishilik olmoshidan keyin o’tgan sifatdosh keladi. Has she cleaned the room? U xonani tozaladimi?
Have you written a letter? Siz xat yozdingizmi?
Inkor shaklini yasaganimiz have/has dan so’ng not keladi va keyin fe’lning o’tgan sifatdosh shakli keladi.
She hasn’t cleaned the room. – U xonani tozalamadi.
I haven’t written a letter. – Men xat yozmadim.
To’g’ri fe’ldan yasalgan “HOZIRGI TUGALLANGAN ZAMONNING” formulasi.