Unit 1 Nouns- otlar: singular nouns- birlik otlar plural

Interrogative
So’roq shakl
Am I going to leave?
Is he/she/it going to leave?
Are you/we/they going to leave?
They are going to leave. – Ular ketmoqchi
They are not going to leave. – Ular ketmoqchi emas
Are they going to leave? – Ular ketmoqchimi?
* Biz be going to ni quyidagi holatlarda ishlatamiz:
a) Yaqin kelajakga rejalar va maqsadlar qilib qo’ygan bo’lsak.
I am going to play football this afternoon.
Men bugun tushlikdan keyin futbol o’ynamoqchiman.
He is going to buy a bike this summer. – U shu yozda velosiped sotib olmoqchi.
b) Yaqin kelajakda biror hodisa sodir bo’lishiga dalil, isbot bo’lsa be going to + verb ni ishlatamiz.
It is going to rain. There are dark clouds in the sky. Yomg’ir yog’moqchi. Osmonda qora bulutlar bor.
PRESENT CONTINUONS – HOZIRGI DAVOMIY ZAMON.
* Biz present continuous ni yaqin kelajakga rejalashtirib qo’ygan ish harakatlarga ham ishlatishimiz mumkin.
I am meeting Helen at two o’clock. Men Helen bilan soat 2 da uchrashaman.
Va yana harakat fe’llari bilan ham ishlatishimiz mumkin: come – kelmoq, go – bormoq, fly – uchmoq, travel – sayohat qilmoq, leave – ketmoq.
I am leaving for Paris tomorrow. – Men ertaga Parijga jo’nayapman. (bu narsani rajalashtirib qo’ydim)
SHORT ANSWERS – QISQA JAVOBLAR
Are you going to wash the car? Yes, I am/No, I’m not – Sen moshinani yuvmoqchimisan? Ha/Yo’q
Are you…? Yes, I am/No, I am not.
Yes, we are/No, we are not.
Is he/she/it…? Yes, he/she/it is/No, he/she/it is not.
Are they…? Yes, they are/No, they are not.
Unit 16
Adjectives – Sifatlar, Adverbs – Ravishlar, Comparisons – Qiyosiy darajalar.
ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS – SIFATLAR/RAVISHLAR.
* Sifatlar gapda otlarni tasvirlab keladi. Ular otlarning oldidan qo’yiladi. Sifatlar gapda yakka o’zi ham kelishi mumkin to be fe’lidan keyin. Sifatlarning birlik va ko’plik ko’rinishi bir xil bo’ladi (yani ularning birlik va ko’plik shakllari bo’lmaydi).
This is a big house. Bu kata uy.
He is poor. U kambag’al.
They are poor. Ular kambag’al. ( bu gap xato: they are poors.)
* Ravish fe’lni tasvirlaydi. Va ravish ifodalaydi: how – qanday qilib, where – qayerda, when – qachon, how often – qanchalik tez-tez, shaxslar biror bir ish harakatlarni qilishini. Ravishlar odatda fe’llardan keyin keladi.
He walks slowly. – U sekinlik bilan yuradi. ( U qanday qilib yuradi. Sekinlik bilan. – usul/uslub ravishi), John is here. Jon bu yerda ( qayerda? Bu yerda. Joy ravishi)
Ba’zida ravishlar asosiy fe’llardan oldin keladi va bular adverbs of frequency – noaniq zamon ravishlaridir. ( often – tez-tez, always – har doim, usually – odatda, never – hech qachon, seldom – kamdan kam)
She often visits her parents. – U tez-tez ota-onasinikiga boradi.