Unit 1 the simple present s + V(e)s + O

UNIT 5. THE PRESENT PERFECT

S + have/has + V3 + O

• 
  Tugallangan hozirgi zamoning ishlatilish holatlari:
  

1. 
   O’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan va natijasi hozirgi zamonga aloqasi borligini ifodalaydi:
   

• 
  Joe has broken his hand .His hand is plaster.
  

2. 
   O’tgan zamonda noma’lum paytda bir yoki bir necha marta sodir bo’lgan ish harakatni bildiradi.Bu holatda quyidagi birikmalalar ishlatiladi:
   

It is the first/second…time; this is the first/second time ….

• 
  It is 3 times I’ve seen this film.
  

3. 
   Key words:
   

since, for, it’s twice(4 times)…, so far, never, ever, just, already, lately,in the last few days(shu kunlarda), recently, yet *, how much, how many(times)

Note: O’tgan zamonda noma’lum paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakat “Present Perfect” ishlatiladi. “Past Simple” –o’tgan zamonda aniq paytda sodir bo’ladi , ya’ni payt ravishlari ko’rsatilishi shart.

• 
  He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for his keys)----Present Perfect
  
• 
  He lost his keys 3 days ago.( He found his keys)---------Past Simple
  

• 
  <> ravishini ishlatilish formulasi:
  

S + have/has + not + V3 + O + yet
Or
S + have/has + yet + to + V1+ O

• 
  I have not finished my test yet.
  
• 
  I have yet to finish my test.
  

Note: “Yet” inkor va so’roq gaplarda ishlatiliadi:

• 
  She has not learned English yet.
  
• 
  Has she learned English yet?