Unit 1 the simple present s + V(e)s + O

UNIT 6. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS


S + have/has+ been+Ving+O

• 
  Davomli tugallangan hozirgi davom zamonning ishlatilish holatlari:
  

1.Natijasi ko’zga tashlanib turgan holatga nisbatan ishlatiladi :

• 
  A:”Your eyes are red” B:”I’ve been crying ”
  
• 
  You’re out of breath. Have you been running?
  

2.O’tgan zamonda boshlangan va haliyam davom etayotgan ish-harakatni bildiradi.Bu holatda shu zamonning payt ravishlari ishlatiladi:

since, for, whole day, all day, how long, lately, recently, for the last half hour, for years

• 
  I have been doing my homework for 2 hours.
  

UNIT 7. THE PAST PERFECT

S + had + V3 + O

• 
  O’tgan tugallangan zamon quyidagi ikki holatda ishlatiladi:
  

1. 
   Bu zamon qo’shma gaplarda ishlatilib,ikki ish-harakatdan qaysi biri dastlab sodir bo’lgan bo’lsa o’sha o’tgan tugallangan zamonda va ikkinchi sodir bo’lgan ish-harakat esa o’tgan oddiy zamonda ishlatiladi(before,when,after , because etc)
   

• 
  Before the train arrived, Susan had managed to push her way to the front of the crowd.
  
• 
  She couldn’t open the door, because she had lost her key.
  

Note: Agar qo’shma gap tarkibida “hardly, scarcely, no sooner “ ravishlari qo’llansa,ular o’tgan tugallangan zamonda ishlatiladi:

• 
  He had hardly(scarcely) entered the house, when it started to rain.
  

Note!!! “no sooner”ishlatilishiga ahamiyat bering:

• 
  No sooner had he arrived ,then he fell ill.
  

2. 
   O’tgan zamonda biror paytgacha sodir bo’lgan ish-harakat tugallangan o’tgan zamonda ishlatiladi.
   

S + had+V3+(O)+by+(past time)

• 
  He had left by the time we got there.
  
• 
  He had left by 4: 30.