Uzbekistan state university of world languages theory and practice of translation faculty

Elizabeth Gaskell
Elizabeth Gaskell was not only Charlotte Bronte’s very first biographer, but she was also a social reformer admired by no other than Charles Dickens, a candid novelist, and an author of ghost stories. You may be familiar with some of her works turned into movies by the BBC including North and South and Cranford. One thing I like about Gaskell's story is that she wasn't raised in circumstances that would "naturally" lead her to success, and she didn't always know she wanted to write. When her mother died when she was just one year old, she was sent to live with relatives with certain privileges that many women of her time and class would enjoy in order to secure a bright future for herself. . At the age of 22, she married a Unitarian pastor, with whom she had four children. It was during the birth of their first daughter that she became interested in writing by carefully documenting children's development and her own thoughts on parenting and parenting. female. She began submitting articles to magazines a few years later and went on to write a novel, also inspired by her experience as a mother when she suffered the loss of a son. born at that time. This first novel, Mary Barton, was such a huge success that Gaskell both continued to write and began to work shoulder to shoulder with other famous writers and thinkers of the time. She was also interested in social issues such as prison reform and families living in poverty, establishing an excellent professional relationship with Charles Dickens.
Although her novels are largely based on Victorian common sense, she has written a large number of ghost stories that are quite misleading. You can find this collection of works in a few different books, including Ghost Stories That Might Be Waiting for Me in My Amazon Cart.

3. 
   Women's Contribution to Early American Literature
   

Women's Literature offers a unique insight into the experience of American women. After the Civil War, the country was in a period of transformation that included political, economic, social and literary changes. As the country emerged from the Industrial Revolution, female authors made a place for themselves in the literary standard. The feminist movement questioned the role of women in society, and female authors responded by creating works about strong, empowered, and intelligent women. America underwent major changes between 1865 and 1912, such as reconstruction after the Civil War. Questions about rebuilding and the fate of the rebels led to hostility and the impeachment of President Andrew Jackson.

The economic environment changed from primarily agrarian to industrial as the country entered the industrial era. The United States created the first transcontinental railroad, completely changing the way of transportation and allowing people and goods to be transported easily and efficiently over long distances (Rogers, 2013). Scientific advances and developments in education also began to affect the nation. Immigration increased as people came to the United States in search of jobs and opportunities for a better life, resulting in mass poverty, poor working conditions, and industrialists owned by monopolies. early wealthy Americans, such as John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie. People struggled against their industrial bosses through vigilism and eventually the formation of the first unions (Baym, 2008). ⁶
Class struggle raged and issues of racism arose as freed immigrants and slaves learned to live together. Women's suffrage fought against the restrictions imposed by patriarchal society and the idealism of "true feminism", which described the expectation of women to be obedient and pious wife and mother at home (A&E Television, 2013). Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony along with many other women fought in the women's rights movement. The feminist movement won a major victory with women's suffrage in 1920. The literature of the time reflected many of the changes of the times, including 3,000 new words being introduced into American English; New slang and dialects, expressed in authentic writing, painted a picture of America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Women's literature emerged in the late 19th century. Feminist causes and Expanding women's education has resulted in more female writers than in any previous century (Bomarito & Hunter, 2005). Despite living in a patriarchal society, female writers struggled to be accepted into the literary community. In earlier eras, women's writing was mainly turned to children's writing and poetry. These works are characterized by sentimentality, morals, and depth of emotions that are considered works of the feminine genre (Bomarito & Hunter, 2005). In the 19th century, the women's suffrage movement responded to social, legal, and political inequalities against women. Women's literature reflects the feminist movement through themes, personalities, and situations. The works of Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman reveal the individuality of women and challenge oppressive social expectations for women. Louisa May Alcott has created strong, powerful female characters that represent a new definition of the role of women in America.
Both female and male writers of the period used Realism to create stories that accurately depicted American life. Women’s literature embraced this form of writing as a means of conveying Regionalism beyond their male counterparts. In the past women were confined to domestic life so Regionalism offered the perfect opportunity to present stories of real American families and communities (Baym, 2013). Examples of women’s literature of this period representing family life are Edith Wharton’s “The Other Two,” Kate Chopin’s “Deseree’s Baby,” and the Native American stories of Sarah Winnemucca “Life Among the Piutes” and Zitkala Sa’s “Impressions of an Indian Childhood.” Literature by male writers often focused less on family and more on broader social issues such as war, as in Ambrose Bierce’s “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” and racism as in Mark Twain’s “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.”
Male writers also presented more works of Naturalism, such as Jack London’s “To Build a Fire” or Stephen Crane’s “Red Badge of Courage,” although Edith Wharton’s “House of Mirth” and Ellen Glasgow’s “Barren Ground” are also considered works of Naturalism; these female works center more on the family than their male contemporaries (Campbell, 2010). American literature from 1865 to the early 20th century offered realistic views of society. Women writers are in a unique position to provide depictions of society's expectations of women in the United States as well as realistic female characters who break that outdated stereotype. The regionalism of Kate Chopin and Louisa May Alcott delivers stories that accurately depict specific regions of America, including vernacular and family life. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shares patriarchal views and issues facing women in society.⁷

4.