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Cluster can be used at all stages of ELT for motivating the 
learners to the theme they are learning. For this purpose a teacher 
writes a word in the centre of the blackboard and asks the learners to 
write around the key-word (concept) all relations or associations 
with it, after that they exchange their ideas working in pairs. 
For example: 
Then a teacher gives a task to make up word combinations with 
the word “book”: my book, a good book, an interesting book, a nice 
book, etc. 
This method involves all the learners into active work and forms 
motivation. It can be effectively used in improving speaking skills 
of students. 
The technique “Two-part diary” presupposes using a note-
book divided into parts (items and reactions) with a vertical line. 
Students write the words, phrases, sentences that have evocated 
different associations and emotions, while reading the text, in the 
first part of the note-book. In the second part they fix own ideas and 
emotions aroused by the information of the read text. 

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Jiglo also belongs to interactive methods and can be used in a 
group work. A teacher cuts into pieces sentences of the whole text 
and learners must restore this text in the logical sequence. Learners 
work in groups and cooperate while restoring the text. 
Cinquain technique. This word was borrowed from the French 
language and means five lines. It helps learners to find out the key 
words from the text, learn their meaning, functions and use them to 
make a short conclusion on the text.
Cinquain first worked out by American poet Adelaide Crapsey. 
Most methodologists believe that cinquain is effective in working 
with difficult information. It helps to single out the most important 
parts of the information. This method is considered as one of the 
innovative methods and helps learners to understand the theme in 
details.
Cinquain is used in the following way:
1. A word is given. It can be any word belonging to a noun 
class of words, for example: a house. 
2. An adjective is used to this word: a nice house. 
3. An adjective may be redoubled: a big nice house. 
4. A verb or adverb is added and a sentence is formed: we have 
a big nice house. 
5. Learners express their attitude to the information: we like our 
house. 
As we see the technique of extending periphery is used within 
this method. 
It is necessary to follow the given recommendations below: 
1. It should be organized on the well-known theme. 
2. At the beginning learners work in pairs and small groups. 
Only after such a preliminary activity students may work 
independently on making Cinquain.
3. Those who could make best cinquains are encouraged.
Scarab is an interactive technology. It is aimed to improve 
logical thinking and creates favorable opportunities for memorizing 
and improves skills of expressing one’s ideas freely. This 
technology teaches students to self-assessment of their knowledge 
and activity. It serves to define the relations between the ideas. It is 

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a universal technology and can be used in different stages of 
acquiring knowledge.
These stages are the following: 
1. To motivate learners’ activity at the beginning of the lesson 
(brainstorming); 
2. To define the content and structure for learning the theme. 
Scarab technology presupposes creative activity using the 
students’ language experience. This technology can be used in 
small groups. 
The features of the Scarab technology: 
- respect other ideas; 
- work in community; 
- communicate in a polite form; 
- creative approach to work; 
- self-assessment, responsibility and motivation. 
The technology “I know, want to know, have known” 
proposes the stages: 1) diagnostic stage (by questioning a teacher 
reveals if learners know the new theme and define learners’ needs 
for new knowledge); 2) presentation stage (the new information, 
vocabulary are given to learners); 3) generalization stage (learners 
discuss the results of this activity and generalize the received 
information). 
During these stages a teacher presents a feedback on the 
information that learners know, want to know and have learnt before 
filling in the columns of the chart below. It is a group work activity.