Zamon shakllari

3. Past perfect continuous zamoni present perfect continuous zamonining o’tgan zamondagi muqobili hisoblanadi. Ya’ni, agar bosh gap yoki vaziyat o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa, present perfect continuous zamonida aytilishi kerak bo’lgan gaplar bitta zamon pastga tushadi va past perfect continuous zamonida aytiladi.

a) He had been waiting for hours, so he was bored. – U soatlardan beri kutayotgan edi, shuning uchun charchagan edi. (uning kutganligi o’tgan zamonda ma’lum bir muddat davom etgan va natijasi ham o’sha paytda ko’rinib turgan edi.)

b) He has been waiting for hours, so he is bored. – U soatlardan beri kutyapti, shuning uchun charchagan. (uning kutganligi o’tgan zamonda boshlangan, lekin natijasi hozir ko’rinib turibdi.)

4. Before va after so’zlari bilan past perfect zamonini ham past simple zamonini ham ishlatish mumkin. Ma’nosida umuman farq bo’lmaydi. Faqatgina, past perfectda ish-harakatni tugatib bo’lganligiga urg’u bor xalos. O’zbek tiliga ham xohlasak oddiy, xohlasak “qilib bo’lishdan oldin/qilib bo’lgandan keyin” degan shaklda tarjima qilish mumkin.


She left after she had finished her work./She left after she finished her work. – U ishini tugatib bo’lganidan (tugatganidan) keyin ketdi.

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I could get to the shop before it had closed./I could get to the shop before it closed. – Men do’konga u yopilib bo’lishidan (yopilishidan) oldin yetib bora oldim.

Time expression – Vaqt ifodalari (payt ravishlari) Past perfect continuous zamoni quyidagi payt ravishlari bilan ishlatiladi:

Time expression	Example
for …dan beri	We had been having a lesson for 25 minutes when mother came in. – Ayam kirib kelganida biz 25 minutdan beri dars tayyorlab o’tirgan edik.
since …dan beri/…dan boshlab	She had been reading a book since the morning. – U ertalabdan beri kitob o’qiyotgan edi.
how long qanchadan beri	How long had you been trying to get a visa when they granted it? – Ular viza berishganda qanchadan beri uni olishga harakat qilayotgan eding?