Zamon shakllari

Darak gap	So’roq gap
Inkor gap
+ noun
Mary is getting used to life in the city. Mary is becoming accustomed to life in the city.	Is Mary getting used to life in the city? Is Mary becoming accustomed to life in the city?	Mary isn’t getting used to life in the city. Mary isn’t becoming accustomed to life in the city.

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Mary shahardagi hayotga ko’nikyapti.	Mary shahardagi hayotga ko’nikyaptimi?	Mary shahardagi hayotga ko’nikmayapti.
+ Ving
They will soon get used to cooking their own meals. They will soon become accustomed to cooking their own meals. Ular tez orada o’zlarining taomini tayyorlashga ko’nikishadi.	Will they soon get used to cooking their own meals? Will they soon become accustomed to cooking their own meals? Ular tez orada o’zlarining taomini tayyorlashga ko’nikishadimi?	They won’t soon get used to cooking their own meals. They won’t soon become accustomed to cooking their own meals. Ular tez orada o’zlarining taomini tayyorlashga ko’nikishmaydi.
+ pronoun
Simon had never lived in a tropical country before, but he quickly got used to it. He quickly became accustomed to it. Simon avval hech qachon tropik davlatda yashamagan edi, lekin u tezda unga ko’nikdi.	Did Simon quickly get used to it? Did Simon quickly become accustomed to it? Simon unga tezda ko’nikdimi?	Simon didn’t quickly get used to it. Simon didn’t quickly become accustomed to it. Simon unga tezda ko’nikmadi.

Past Simple versus Present Perfect


O’tgan oddiy zamon va hozirgi tugallangan zamonning farqlari

Past Simple Present Perfect
1. O’tgan zamonda aniq bir paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Ish-harakatning sodir bo’lgan vaqti ko’rsatiladi yoki allaqachon ma’lum bo’ladi yoki boshqacha usulda nazarda tutiladi. Kate Steele wrote her first novel in 1970. – Keyt Stil o’zining birinchi romanini 1970 yilda yozgan. (qachon yozgan degan savolga javob bor – 1970 yilda)	1. O’tgan zamonda noma’lum bir paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Ish-harakatning sodir bo’lgan vaqti na ko’rsatiladi na nazarda tutiladi. Kate Steele has written a lot of successful novels. – Keyt Stil ko’plab muvaffaqiyatli romanlar yozgan. (qachon yozgan degan savolga javob yo’q)
Lekin, vafot etgan odamlarning hayoti haqida gapirganda past simple ishlatamiz ,xattoki ish-harakatning sodir bo’lish payti ko’rsatilmagan bo’lsa ham. William Shakespeare wrote ‘Romeo and Juliet.’ – Vilyam Shekspir “Romeo va Julieta”ni yozgan. (qachon yozgan degan savolga javob yo’q, lekin Shekspir vafot etib ketganligi uchun bu gapni past simple zamonida ifodalaymiz.)
2. O’tgan zamonda boshlanib, o’tgan zamonning o’zida tugagan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. George Barns was a basketball player for ten years. – Jo’rj Barns o’n yil davomida basketbolchi	2. O’tgan zamonda boshlanib, hozir ham davom etayotgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan present perfect yoki present perfect continuous ishlatish mumkin.

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bo’lgan. (u o’tgan zamonda basketbolchi bo’lgan va o’n yil shunday davom etib, o’tgan zamonning o’zida uning basketbolchiligi tugagan. Hozir u basketbolchi emas, hozir murabbiy.)	Jim Presley has worked/has been working as a waiter for fifteen years. – Jim Presli o’n besh yildan beri ofitsiant bo’lib ishlaydi. (ofitsiantlikni o’n besh yil ilgari boshlagan va hozir ham ofitsiant.)
Biror-bir yangilikni aytishda present perfect zamonidan foydalanamiz. Lekin, aynan o’sha yangilik haqida qo’shimcha ma’lumot berish uchun past simple yoki past continuous zamonlaridan foydalanamiz. I’ve just seen the new boss. I was talking to Carol on the phone when he came in. – Men hozirgina yangi boshliqni ko’rdim. U kirib kelganida men telefonda Kerl bilan gaplashayotgan edim.

Past Perfect – O’tgan tugallangan zamon

Darak gap (Affirmative)	So’roq gap (Interrogative)	Inkor gap (Negative)
𝑺+𝒉𝒂𝒅(′𝒅)+𝑽𝟑	𝑯𝒂𝒅+𝑺+𝑽𝟑?	𝑺+𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒏𝒐𝒕(𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒏′𝒕)+𝑽𝟑

The children had finished doing their homework by nine o’clock. – Bolalar uyga vazifalarini qilishni soat 9 gacha tugatib bo’lishgan edi.

He’d sent the letters two days before. – U ikki kun oldin xatlarni jo’natib bo’lgan edi.
Had the children finished doing their homework by nine o’clock? – Bolalar uyga vazifalarini qilishni soat 9 gacha tugatib bo’lishgan edimi?

Had he sent the letters two days before? – U ikki kun oldin xatlarni jo’natib bo’lgan edimi?
The children had not finished doing their homework by nine o’clock. – Bolalar uyga vazifalarini qilishni soat 9 gacha tugatib bo’lishmagan edi.

He hadn’t sent the letters two days before. – U ikki kun oldin xatlarni jo’natib bo’lmagan edi.

Qisqa javoblar (Short answers)