Zamon shakllari


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rules for all tenses (pdf.io)

Time expression – Vaqt ifodalari (payt ravishlari) O’tgan oddiy zamon bilan quyidagi vaqt ifodalari ishlatiladi.
Yesterday – kecha, last night/week/month/year/Monday, etc., - o’tgan kecha/hafta/oy/yil/dushanba va hokazo, two days/weeks/months, etc. ago ikki kun/hafta/oy va hokazo avval then o’shanda, when qachonki/gan paytda, How long ago? qancha payt avval, in 1991/1845, etc. – 1991/1845-yil va hokazo.

Past Continuous – O’tgan davomli zamon


Paul and Tina were having dinner at a restaurant at 8 o’clock yesterday.
Kecha soat 8 da Paul va Tina restoranda kechki ovqatni yeyishayotgandi.
Were Paul and Tina having dinner at a restaurant at 8 o’clock yesterday?
Kecha soat 8 da Paul va Tina restoranda kechki ovqatni yeyishayotganmidi?
Paul and Tina were not (weren’t) having dinner at a restaurant at 8 o’clock yesterday.
Kecha soat 8 da Paul va Tina restoranda kechki ovqatni yeyishmayotgandi.


Qisqa javoblar (Short answers)



Yes,+personal pronoun+was/were.

No,+personal pronoun+wasn’t/weren’t.


16

Where the students taking an exam at 10 o’cklock yesterday? Yes, they were./No, they weren’t. – Kecha soat 10 da talabalar imtixon topshirishayotgan edimi? Ha./Yo’q.

Was Anvar going to school when you saw him? Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t. Sen uni ko’rganingda Anvar maktabga ketayotgan edimi? Ha./Yo’q.

Ishlatilishi


1. O’tgan zamonda aniq bir paytda davom etayotgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Bunda ish-harakatning qachon boshlanib qachon tugaganligini aytmaymiz.

At three o’clock yesterday afternoon they were sitting at an outdoor café. – Kecha soat 3 da ular tashqaridagi kafeda o’tirishgan edi. (ular kafega qachon kelishganligi va qachon u yerdan ketishganligi shart emas, muhimi ular soat 3 da kafeda o’tirishgan edi)

2. O’tgan zamonda boshqa bir harakat sodir bo’lganda davom etayotgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Bunda davom etayotgan ish-harakatni (uzunroq ish-harakat) past continuous, uni bo’lib sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatni (kaltaroq ish-harakat) past simple zamonida ifodalaymiz.


He was walking when he slipped on a banana skin. – U banan po’stlog’iga toyib ketgnida yurib ketayotgan edi.

3. O’tgan zamonda bir vaqtda davom etayotgan ikki yoki undan ortiq ish-harakatlarga nisbatan.

She was steering the boat while he was playing the guitar. – U gitara chalayotgan paytda u qayiqni boshqarayotgan edi.

4. Hikoyalarda asosiy voqealarni aytishdan oldin atmosfera (tabiat, ob-havo), narsalarning joylashishi, manzarani tasvirlashda.

Toddy and Emily were riding through the forest. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. Toddi va Emili o’rmon oralab otda ketishayotgan edi. Quyosh charaqlab turgandi va qushlar sayrayotgan edi.


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