= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

5. Adverbial clauses / Пвдрядш обставинш речения
Such clauses are of various types in both languages.
5.1. Adverbial clauses of place / шдрядш речения мкщя.
In both languages the sentences of such a type characterize the action of the main or principal clause, pointing towards its place or direction.
English sentences are joined to the main clause with the help of the connective words where, wherever, whence.
Ukrainian adverbial clauses of place are connected with the principal clause with the help of the connective words де, куди, зв1дки (розм. eidKuib, зе1дкшь). Unlike English in the Ukrainian main clauses there can be observed the use of the so-called demonstrative words - adverbs, having spatial meaning, - там, туди, 3eidmu (розм. 3eidmtib, eidmu), for example:

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Звюти, зв1дки на темному фот неба все частное спалахувала блискавка, загуркотгв гргм.
In the English main clauses demonstrative words of such и meaning are not used in similar cases, and the main function of llu-expression of relations of place and direction is rendered with the help of the connective word and the context. Compare:
/ shall go where my brother lives. Я no'idy туди, де живе .uiii брат [5; 147-148].
5.2. Adverbial clauses of time / пщрядш речения часу.
The adverbial clauses of time are joined in English to the mall one with the help of the conjunctions when, while, as, after, he for,; till, until, since, as long as, etc. In Ukrainian the adverbial clauses о l time are joined with the help of the following connective words and conjunctions, коли, eidKonu, поки (розм. покть), аж поки, доки (розм. докть), аж доки, як теля того як, в juipy того «л. ттьки, як ттьки, ттьки що, щойно, ледее, скоро and others
In English the function of conjunctions of adverbial clauses </ recognized the place directly 1 saw it. - Я тзнав це мгеце, Hh ттьки його побачив.
Immediately he received the telegram, he started for Kyiv. Як ттьки (ледве, щойно) вт одержав телеграму, вгн вигхав '»<» Киева.
The connective function with the meaning of time is performed in modern English also by some nouns or word-combinations: tlu< moment {в ту митъ як), the day {в той день коли), the evening 11 той венгр коли), the next time (наступного разу), at the time (< той час як), by the time (до того часу коли), etc.:
The moment I saw him I understood everything. - У my uimn. як я його побачив, я все зрозумгв.
The peculiarity of Ukrainian adverbial clauses of time an- Hi. composite conjunctions of the type теля того як, eidmodi як, « той час як, eidmodi як, з того часу як, в той час як etc. The firsl pan »| such a conjunction can be placed in the main clause, whereas the so< onil part як (коли) - is in the subordinate clause and is separated from thl first one by the intonation pause, and by coma in writing, e.g.:
Зробимо це теля того, як yci матергали будутъ nepeeipeni [5; 147-149].
5.3. Adverbial clauses of manner (attending circumstances) / шдрядш речения способу дн (супровщних обставин)
Adverbial classes of manner are joined in English with the help of the conjunctions as, the way, as if, as though. They point out in what way the action of the main clause takes place. Rather often such a sentence bears in its meaning some sort of с omparison, connected with the shade of suggestion, e.g.: You speak so as if you did not know me.- Bu говорите так, шби ей мене нет знаете.
In Ukrainian such subordinate sentences are joined with the help of the connective word як and the conjunctions: як, шби, мое, пемов, наче, неначе, нЬк (розм. атж), що a-nd others. All of them (except нЬк, чим) have a correlative word так in the main clause, which is concretized by the subordinate sentence: Вгн шов так, наче добре знав дорогу.
Among the adverbial clauses of manner there are differentiated in both languages the three subtypes:

1. 
   Adverbial clauses of manner proper ^власне способу mi), joined in English with the help of the conjunctions: as, as ... as and others; in Ukrainian - як, що, щоб, e.g.: Your ought to write as he does. Буде так, якхотта ти (В. Сосюра).
   
2. 
   Adverbial clauses of comparison (гяор1вняльш) with the conjunctions: in English as if, as though; in Ukrainian як, шби, мое, пемов, наче, неначе, e.g. I remember this sto-ry as if (as though) I had just read it. А вт, мое шчого не чу в, ide co6i долг (Л. Малишко).
   

The peculiarity of English adverbial clanises of comparison is that their predicate is used in the form of conditional mood: He spoke as if (as though) he knew this question very weJl.
In Ukrainian the adverbial clauses of comparison are also widely used in conditional mood, where almost all conjunctions can be joined with the particle би/б. По mpaei плшли xewii, начебто це буе не луг, аргчка.
c) Adverbial clauses of result (наслщков!) with the
conjunctions: in English so ... that; in Ukzrainian що, аж, for

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example: He played so that we admired him. Вода б'етъся в берещ аж осока шумить (Леся Украшка) [5; 149-150].