23. Types of activities. The activities of the teacher include

183. Selection of grammar materials. Selection of the grammar material · 1. Presentation stage, in which we introduce the grammar structure, either inductively or deductively….

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  184. Difficulties in teaching grammar. Challenge #1. Lack of student preparation or retention.
  
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  Challenge #2. Grammar is hard for students.
  
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  Challenge #3. Inadequate classroom materials.
  
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  Challenge #4. Lack of student motivation.
  

185. Activities in teaching grammar.
There are two main ways that we tend to teach grammar: deductively and inductively. Both deductive and inductive teaching have their pros and cons and which approach we use when can depend on a number of factors, such as the nature of the language being taught and the preferences of the teacher and learners.
Fun Grammar Activities

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  Synonym Scramble. A fun activity reinforces synonyms and builds vocabulary skills. ( ...
  
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  Verb-Adverb Charades. Verbs and adverbs take center stage in this lively activity. ( ...
  
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  Proper Noun Gallery Walk Activity. ...
  
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  Pair Editing. ...
  
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  Parts-of-Speech Tall Tales.
  

186. Learning grammar by teaching.
187. Types of listening activities. The three main types of listening most common in interpersonal communication are: Informational Listening (Listening to Learn) Critical Listening (Listening to Evaluate and Analyse) Therapeutic or Empathetic Listening (Listening to Understand Feeling and Emotion)
7 Types of Activities for Listening with a Purpose

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  Listening for the Main Idea. ...
  
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  Listening for Detail. ...
  
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  Listening for a Sequence. ...
  
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  Listening for Specific Vocabulary. ...
  
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  Listening for Cultural Interest. ...
  
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  Listening for Attitude and Opinions. ...
  
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  Listening for Functional Language.
  

188. Kinesthetic learning. A kinesthetic learner would rather perform physical activity to learn something, as an active participant, instead of passively listening to a lecture or watching a demonstration. That is why the best way of learning something new is by having your hands-on those things you are trying to learn.
189. Teacher-centered type of lesson. In teacher-centered education, students put all of their focus on the teacher. You talk, and the students exclusively listen. During activities, students work alone, and collaboration is discouraged. Because it does not include student preferences or give them opportunities for hands-on or alternative types of learning, direct instruction is extremely teacher-centered. Sometimes called the “Sage on the Stage” style, the teacher-centered model positions the teacher as the expert in charge of imparting knowledge to his or her students via lectures or direct instruction. In this setting, students are sometimes described as “empty vessels,” listening to and absorbing information.
190. Student-centered type of lesson. Student-centered learning gives students the opportunity to decide two things: what material they learn and how they learn it. (This concept is also sometimes referred to as personalized learning.) In contrast to teacher-centered approaches, SCL engages students as leaders and decision-makers in their own learning. Student-centered learning has been defined most simply as an approach to learning in which learners choose not only what to study but also how and why that topic might be of interest. In a student-centric approach, the focus is on the learner, and the steps are taken to make them stay independent.
191. Inductive way of teaching grammar. In a language classroom, teaching by an inductive instruction means that students are provided with texts and examples first. The role of the teacher is to provide the language in order to help students find the rules, to guide them in discovery and then provide more opportunities to practice. The advantages of the inductive approach are that students can focus on the use of the language without being held back by grammatical terminology and rules that can inhibit fluency.
192. Deductive way of teaching grammar. Deductive teaching is a traditional approach in which information about target language and rules are driven at the beginning of the class and continued with examples. The principles of this approach are generally used in the classes where the main target is to teach grammar structures. Deductive teaching is a traditional approach in which information about target language and rules are driven at the beginning of the class and continued with examples. The principles of this approach are generally used in the classes where the main target is to teach grammar structures.
193. Game-based learning. Game based learning is also an active learning technique where games are used to enhance student learning. Here, the learning comes from playing the game and promotes critical thinking and problem solving skills. Examples of game-based learning include card games, board games, and video games. As another example, a teacher may create a game that is like Wheel of Fortune to help students with spelling and vocabulary. Game-based learning is a great way to improve young learners' creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. It is based on the use of imagination. Instructors can give students the freedom to come up with solutions and ideas which boost their level of creativity.
194. Task-based learning. Task-based learning is an approach to language learning where learners are given interactive tasks to complete. In order to do this, they need to communicate. Once the task is complete, then the teacher discusses the language used. Student interaction is 'built in' to the lesson, as they need to communicate to complete the task. Students' communication skills improve. Students' confidence can improve as tasks can mimic real life. Students' motivation can improve due to the same reason.
195. Self-study in learning. Self-studying is a learning method where students direct their own studying—outside the classroom and without direct supervision. Since students are able to take control of what (and how) they are learning, self-study can be a very valuable way for many students to learn. Students become more confident learners as a result of self-learning. Because they are independent learners, they are capable of attempting to acquire new skills on their own, which can be a significant benefit to the pupils. Self-directed learners have the following characteristics: They set clear goals for themselves. They shape their learning process in line with goals and plans. They monitor their own learning process.
196. Benefits and drawbacks of selfstudy. Overall, Self-directed learning can be an effective approach for motivated learners able to take charge of their learning. However, it can also have some potential disadvantages, such as a lack of structure and support, and may require a significant time and effort investment on the part of the learner.
Lack Of Time
Research shows that a lack of time is by far and away the greatest obstacle to self-directed learning. If you've got deadlines, meetings, and projects to complete, how many people are going to set aside time each day to learn new things?