60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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, points A and C being tangent to the floor at all times until they arrive at their final positions D and B, respectively. We see that the distance h(t) from B and D to the floor (at time t) varies continuously in t from h to −h as t SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL CIRCLES 183 varies from 0 ◦ to 90 ◦ , and A and C belonging to the floor at all times. So all four points A, B, C, D belong to the floor for some t and at this moment h(t) = 0. Extension. (We do not know a solution of these more general problems.) Consider the problem for a rectangle ABCD. An even more general problem (suggested by S. Tabachnikov) is the one when ABCD is a quadrilateral inscribed into a circle (the table must be inscribed so as not to shake, for example, on a spherical floor of a sufficiently large radius). 90. It is rather difficult to find x, y, z directly. Let us solve the system for a, b, c with x, y, z as parameters. We have a linear system in a, b, c and, since x 6= 0, y 6= 0, z 6= 0, it has a solution (perhaps, non-unique if the discriminant of the matrix, equal to 1 − 1 x 2 − 1 y 2 − 1 z 2 , vanishes). But a = xz, b = yz, c = xy is a solution of the system (with or without the help of linear algebra). Therefore, the system is compatible and there are no other solutions. So xyz = √ abc; hence, x = q ac b , y = q bc a , z = q ab c . 94. Denote the lengths of the tetrahedron’s edges at the base by x, y, z and those of the edges coming out of the vertex by a, b, c. Let a ≥ max(b, c). If a < b + c, then two triangles can be constructed from the edges a, b, c and x, y, z. Let now a ≥ b + c. Since a < x + c and a < b + z, it follows that 2a < x + z + b + c ≤ x + z + a whence a < x + z and two triangles are constructed from the edges a, x, z and b, c, y. Finally, take an edge of maximal length (a) and two adjacent edges (b, c) or (x, z); the triangle with side a can be constructed in at least one of the cases; the remaining three edges now form a face of the tetrahedron. 95. Solutions different from that hinted at in Hint can be obtained with the help of canonical equations of the straight lines: x − x i a i = y − y i b i = z − z i c i , i = 1, 2, 3. 96. It is easy to see that after the balloon is inflated each of the net’s strings (laces) can be seen from the center of the balloon at the same angle as an edge of the standard 1 × 1 × 1 cube is seen from its center. This angle is equal to the angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle with base 1 and side √ 3 2 (half the diagonal of the cube): α = 2 arcsin 1 √ 3 . Now, the radius R of the balloon can be found from the equation: 10 = Rα, see Fig. 124; hence, Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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