60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Tour 14.2
Grades 7 − 8 14.2.7-8.1. Prove that the number 1 00 . . . 00 | {z } 49 zeroes 5 00 . . . 00 | {z } 99 zeroes 1 is not the cube of any integer. 14.2.7-8.2*. On a plane, given points A, B, C and angles ∠D, ∠E, ∠F each less than 180 ◦ and the sum equal to 360 ◦ , construct with the help of ruler and protractor a point O such that ∠AOB = ∠D, ∠BOC = ∠E and ∠COA = ∠F . 14.2.7-8.3. Prove that the sum 1 3 + 2 3 + · · · + n 3 is a perfect square for all n. 14.2.7-8.4. What figure can the central projection of a triangle be? (The center of the projection does not lie on the plane of the triangle.) 14.2.7-8.5. To prepare for an Olympiad 20 students went to a coach. The coach gave them 20 problems and it turned out that (a) each of the students solved two problems and (b) each problem was solved by two students. Prove that it is possible to organize the coaching so that each student would discuss one of the problems that (s)he had solved, and so that all problems would be discussed. 14.2.7-8.6. Dividing x 1951 − 1 by P (x) = x 4 + x 3 + 2x 2 + x + 1 one gets a quotient and a remainder. Find the coefficient of x 14 in the quotient. Grades 9 − 10 14.2.9-10.1. A sphere is inscribed in an n-angled pyramid. Prove that if we align all side faces of the pyramid with the base plane, flipping them around the corresponding edges of the base, then (1) all tangent points of these faces to the sphere would coincide with one point, H, and (2) the vertices of the faces would lie on a circle centered at H. OLYMPIAD 15 (1952) 39 14.2.9-10.2*. Given several numbers each of which is less than 1951 and the least common multiple of any two of which is greater than 1951. Prove that the sum of their reciprocals is less than 2. 14.2.9-10.3. Among all orthogonal projections of a regular tetrahedron to all possible planes, find the projection of the greatest area. 14.2.9-10.4. Consider a curve with the following property: inside the curve one can move an inscribed equilateral triangle so that each vertex of the triangle moves along the curve and draws the whole curve. Clearly, every circle possesses the property. Find a closed planar curve without self-intersections, that has the property but is not a circle. 14.2.9-10.5*. A bus route has 14 stops (counting the first and the last). A bus cannot carry more than 25 passengers. We assume that a passenger takes a bus from A to B if (s)he enters the bus at A and gets off at B. Prove that for any bus route a) there are 8 distinct stops A 1 , B 1 , A 2 , B 2 , A 3 , B 3 , A 4 , B 4 such that no passenger rides from A k to B k for all k = 1, 2, 3, 4; (∗) b) there might not exist 10 distinct stops A 1 , B 1 , . . . , A 5 , B 5 with property (∗). Olympiad 15 (1952) Tour 15.1 Grade 7 15.1.7.1. The circle is inscribed in 4ABC. Let L, M , N be the tangent points of the circle with sides AB, AC, BC, respectively. Prove that ∠M LN is always an acute angle. 15.1.7.2. Prove the identity: (ax + by + cz) 2 + (bx + cy + az) 2 + (cx + ay + bz) 2 = (cx + by + az) 2 + (bx + ay + cz) 2 + (ax + cy + bz) 2 . 15.1.7.3. Prove that if all faces of a parallelepiped are equal parallelograms, they are rhombuses. 15.1.7.4. See Problem 15.1.8.2 below. When should the girl C leave N for A and B to arrive simulta- neously in N ? Grade 8 15.1.8.1. Prove that if the orthocenter divides all hights of a triangle in the same proportion, the triangle is equilateral. 15.1.8.2. Two men, A and B, set out from town M to town N , which is 15 km away. Their walking speed is 6 km/hr. They also have a bicycle which they can ride at 15 km/hr. Both A and B start simultaneously, Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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