60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
A walking and B riding a bicycle until B meets a pedestrian girl, C, going from N to M . Then B lends
his bicycle to C and proceeds on foot; C rides the bicycle until she meets A and gives A the bicycle which A rides until he reaches N . The speed of C is the same as that of A and B. The time spent by A and B on their trip is measured from the moment they started from M until the arrival of the last of them at N . When should C leave N to minimize this time? 15.1.8.3. Prove the identity: (ax + by + cz + du) 2 +(bx + cy + dz + au) 2 + (cx + dy + az + bu) 2 + (dx + ay + bz + cu) 2 = (dx + cy + bz + au) 2 +(cx + by + az + du) 2 + (bx + ay + dz + cu) 2 + (ax + dy + cz + bu) 2 . 15.1.8.4. See Problem 15.1.7.3. Grade 9 15.1.9.1. Given a geometric progression whose denominator q is an integer not equal to 0 or −1, prove that the sum of two or more terms in this progression cannot equal any other term in it. 15.1.9.2. Prove that if |x| < 1 and |y| < 1, then ¯ ¯ ¯ x − y 1 − xy ¯ ¯ ¯ < 1. 40 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 15.1.9.3. 4ABC is divided by a straight line BD into two triangles. Prove that the sum of the radii of circles inscribed in triangles ABD and DBC is greater than the radius of the circle inscribed in 4ABC. (See Fig. 14.) Figure 14. (Probl. 15.1.9.3) Figure 15. (Probl. 15.2.8.2) 15.1.9.4. A sequence of integers is constructed as follows: a 1 is an arbitrary three-digit number, a 2 is the sum of squares of the digits of a 1 , a 3 is the sum of squares of the digits of a 2 , etc. Prove that either 1 or 4 must occur in the sequence a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , . . . . 15.1.9.5. See Problem 15.1.10.5 below. Grade 10 15.1.10.1. How arcsin(cos(arcsin x)) and arccos(sin(arccos x)) are related with each other? 15.1.10.2. Prove that (1 − x) n + (1 + x) n < 2 n for an integer n ≥ 2 and |x| < 1. 15.1.10.3. A sphere with center at O is inscribed in a trihedral angle with vertex S. Prove that the plane passing through the three tangent points is perpendicular to OS. 15.1.10.4. Prove that if for any positive p all roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c + p = 0 are real and positive then a = 0. 15.1.10.5. Given three skew lines. Prove that they are pair-wise perpendicular to their pair-wise per- pendiculars. Tour 15.2 Grade 7 15.2.7.1. Solve the system of equations 1 − x 1 x 2 = 0, 1 − x 2 x 3 = 0, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 − x 14 x 15 = 0, 1 − x 15 x 1 = 0. (Cf. Problem 15.2.9.1 below.) 15.2.7.2. In a convex quadrilateral ABCD, let AB + CD = BC + AD. Prove that the circle inscribed in 4ABC is tangent to the circle inscribed in 4ACD. 15.2.7.3. Prove that if the square of a number begins with 0.9...9 (100 nines), then the number itself begins with 0.9...9 (not less than 100 nines). (Cf. Problem 15.2.8.1 below). 15.2.7.4. Given a line segment AB, find the set of vertices C that form an acute triangle ABC. Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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